{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2028209199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7326.1417","title":"What are the effects of the fifth revision of the Declaration of Helsinki?Fair partnerships support ethical researchGains and losses for rights of consumer and research participantsResearch will be impededSome clauses will hinder development of new drugs and vaccines","display_name":"What are the effects of the fifth revision of the Declaration of Helsinki?Fair partnerships support ethical researchGains and losses for rights of consumer and research participantsResearch will be impededSome clauses will hinder development of new drugs and vaccines","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2028209199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7326.1417","mag":"2028209199","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11744569","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1121866"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7326.1417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7326.1417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7326.1417","pdf_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/323/7326/1417.1.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393911389","display_name":"BMJ","issn_l":"0007-1447","issn":["0007-1447","0267-0623","1468-5833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/323/7326/1417.1.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014836003","display_name":"Stephen M. Tollman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-7588","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-7588"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285764155","display_name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161245","display_name":"Cochrane Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/05cf80b72","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161245","https://openalex.org/I72054575"]}],"countries":["CA","GB","US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen M Tollman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa. 081stol@chiron.wis.ac.za","Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Harkness Building, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE","Cochrane Collaboration Consumer Network, PO Box 96, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia","Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, RY33-728, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA","School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa. 081stol@chiron.wis.ac.za","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Harkness Building, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cochrane Collaboration Consumer Network, PO Box 96, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161245"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, RY33-728, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036020006","display_name":"Hilda Bastian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8544-7386","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8544-7386"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285764155","display_name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161245","display_name":"Cochrane Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/05cf80b72","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161245","https://openalex.org/I72054575"]}],"countries":["CA","GB","US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hilda Bastian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Harkness Building, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE","Cochrane Collaboration Consumer Network, PO Box 96, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia","Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, RY33-728, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA","School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Harkness Building, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cochrane Collaboration Consumer Network, PO Box 96, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161245"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, RY33-728, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110210987","display_name":"Richard Doll","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Doll","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042068870","display_name":"Laurence J Hirsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3589-9816","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3589-9816"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurence J Hirsch","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113517595","display_name":"Harry A. Guess","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285764155","display_name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161245","display_name":"Cochrane Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/05cf80b72","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161245","https://openalex.org/I72054575"]}],"countries":["CA","GB","US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harry A Guess","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Harkness Building, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE","Cochrane Collaboration Consumer Network, PO Box 96, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia","Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, RY33-728, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA","School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Harkness Building, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cochrane Collaboration Consumer Network, PO Box 96, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161245"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, RY33-728, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014836003"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155","https://openalex.org/I192619145","https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210161245"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5724,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48783977,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"323","issue":"7326","first_page":"1417.1","last_page":"1423"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13417","display_name":"Biomedical Ethics and Regulation","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/declaration-of-helsinki","display_name":"Declaration of Helsinki","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-ethics","display_name":"research ethics","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trials","display_name":"clinical trials","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/placebo-controlled-comparison","display_name":"placebo comparison","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-prevention","display_name":"HIV prevention","score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-participant-rights","display_name":"research participant rights","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmaceutical-industry","display_name":"pharmaceutical industry","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-bureaucracy","display_name":"research bureaucracy","score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informed-consent","display_name":"informed consent","score":0.47200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775998707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777473","display_name":"Declaration of Helsinki","level":4,"score":0.8649547100067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138147947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1183659","display_name":"Declaration","level":2,"score":0.6637042760848999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.5361684560775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7991579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17955","display_name":"Criticism","level":2,"score":0.4709378480911255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153997805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42240","display_name":"Research ethics","level":2,"score":0.44825267791748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909882984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777473","display_name":"Helsinki declaration","level":4,"score":0.4389092028141022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.41962799429893494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4176165759563446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4050343334674835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3709229826927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68122502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764527","display_name":"Informed consent","level":3,"score":0.3224143087863922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.1899195909500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004345","descriptor_name":"Drug Industry","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006381","descriptor_name":"Helsinki Declaration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006805","descriptor_name":"Human Experimentation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010344","descriptor_name":"Patient Advocacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010919","descriptor_name":"Placebos","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012106","descriptor_name":"Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018849","descriptor_name":"Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035862","descriptor_name":"Vulnerable Populations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D038622","descriptor_name":"Internationality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7326.1417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7326.1417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7326.1417","pdf_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/323/7326/1417.1.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393911389","display_name":"BMJ","issn_l":"0007-1447","issn":["0007-1447","0267-0623","1468-5833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1121866","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1121866","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:11744569","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11744569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ (Clinical research ed.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/951033","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/951033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:239051","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7326.1417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7326.1417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7326.1417","pdf_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/323/7326/1417.1.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393911389","display_name":"BMJ","issn_l":"0007-1447","issn":["0007-1447","0267-0623","1468-5833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46810001134872437,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2028209199.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2028209199.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9120994","https://openalex.org/W74922302","https://openalex.org/W81712004","https://openalex.org/W157978172","https://openalex.org/W1495253445","https://openalex.org/W1523860101","https://openalex.org/W1967758867","https://openalex.org/W1969299776","https://openalex.org/W1980041402","https://openalex.org/W1981482513","https://openalex.org/W1988016416","https://openalex.org/W2018685621","https://openalex.org/W2049397723","https://openalex.org/W2064101370","https://openalex.org/W2074246753","https://openalex.org/W2074709634","https://openalex.org/W2077839965","https://openalex.org/W2083507907","https://openalex.org/W2089770263","https://openalex.org/W2090754109","https://openalex.org/W2098994793","https://openalex.org/W2100082183","https://openalex.org/W2114973624","https://openalex.org/W2119571471","https://openalex.org/W2139562275","https://openalex.org/W2154094687","https://openalex.org/W2161391918","https://openalex.org/W2165503607","https://openalex.org/W2165526092","https://openalex.org/W2247477736","https://openalex.org/W2294853092","https://openalex.org/W2330351728","https://openalex.org/W2403960867","https://openalex.org/W2408081177","https://openalex.org/W2475261460","https://openalex.org/W2489485172","https://openalex.org/W2726799618","https://openalex.org/W2732146050","https://openalex.org/W2808816257","https://openalex.org/W3022730379","https://openalex.org/W3206486718","https://openalex.org/W4242658981","https://openalex.org/W4243472933","https://openalex.org/W4252564070","https://openalex.org/W4254565755","https://openalex.org/W4291677065","https://openalex.org/W4291982393","https://openalex.org/W4299322315"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607339984","https://openalex.org/W2064702751","https://openalex.org/W6988025905","https://openalex.org/W7101390582","https://openalex.org/W2170770232","https://openalex.org/W4206275108","https://openalex.org/W3216021010","https://openalex.org/W57314662","https://openalex.org/W1586993522","https://openalex.org/W2088552835"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"#":[0,82],"What":[1],"are":[2],"the":[3,6,10,22,55,64,67,71,94,124,129,145,153,158,163,177,181,245,252,263,283,295],"effects":[4],"of":[5,9,12,21,24,96,101,128,149,157,162,176,211,227,262,265,273,282,297],"fifth":[7,19,125],"revision":[8,20],"Declaration":[11,23,95,264],"Helsinki?":[13],"{#article-title-2}":[14],"The":[15,89,202,267],"World":[16,90],"Medical":[17,91],"Association's":[18],"Helsinki":[25,97,266],"strives":[26],"to":[27,40,48,80,104,180,208,243],"strike":[28],"a":[29,77,99,274],"balance":[30,56],"between":[31],"ensuring":[32],"high":[33],"ethical":[34,86,102,147],"standards":[35,148],"and":[36,70,107,165,271,288],"retaining":[37],"sufficient":[38],"sensitivity":[39],"local":[41,235],"circumstances,":[42],"especially":[43,135],"in":[44,63,110,139,172,206,214,251,302],"developing":[45,65,140,173,215],"world":[46],"research,":[47],"avoid":[49],"thwarting":[50],"research":[51,87,112,138,171],"with":[52],"bureaucracy.":[53],"Has":[54],"been":[57],"achieved?":[58],"We":[59],"asked":[60],"researchers":[61],"working":[62],"world,":[66,69],"developed":[68],"pharmaceutical":[72],"industry,":[73],"as":[74,76,98],"well":[75],"patient":[78],"representative,":[79],"comment.":[81],"Fair":[83],"partnerships":[84],"support":[85],"{#article-title-3}":[88],"Association":[92],"describes":[93],"statement":[100],"principles":[103],"guide":[105],"physicians":[106],"other":[108],"participants":[109],"medical":[111,132],"involving":[113],"human":[114,118],"subjects,":[115],"including":[116],"identifiable":[117],"tissue":[119],"or":[120,249,299,309],"data.1":[121],"When":[122],"producing":[123],"revision,":[126],"representatives":[127],"71":[130],"affiliated":[131],"associations":[133],"were":[134],"concerned":[136],"that":[137,188,217,234],"settings\u2014and":[141],"particularly":[142],"clinical":[143],"trials\u2014meet":[144],"highest":[146],"conduct.":[150],"However,":[151],"despite":[152],"increasingly":[154],"inclusive":[155],"aspirations":[156],"revised":[159],"declaration,":[160],"some":[161],"absolute":[164],"exclusionary":[166],"language":[167],"could":[168],"unintentionally":[169],"endanger":[170],"countries.":[174],"One":[175],"fundamental":[178],"changes":[179],"declaration":[182],"is":[183,257],"clause":[184,203],"29.":[185],"This":[186,291],"states":[187],"new":[189,275],"treatments":[190],"should":[191,277],"be":[192,278],"tested":[193,218,279],"against":[194,280],"best":[195,246,284],"current":[196,285],"treatment":[197],"rather":[198],"than":[199],"placebo":[200,230],"(box).":[201],"was":[204],"formulated":[205],"response":[207],"sustained":[209],"criticism":[210],"field":[212],"trials":[213],"countries":[216],"short":[219],"course":[220],"therapies":[221],"aimed":[222],"at":[223],"preventing":[224],"vertical":[225],"transmission":[226],"HIV":[228],"using":[229],"controls.2\u20134":[231],"It":[232],"implies":[233],"circumstances\u2014sociopolitical,":[236],"financial,":[237],"infrastructural,":[238],"cultural\u2014can":[239],"never":[240],"justify":[241],"failure":[242],"use":[244,296],"known":[247],"drugs":[248],"technologies":[250],"control":[253],"arm.":[254],"Its":[255],"intention":[256],"clear:":[258],"####":[259],"Clause":[260],"29":[261],"benefits,":[268],"risks,":[269],"burdens":[270],"effectiveness":[272],"method":[276,311],"those":[281],"prophylactic,":[286,307],"diagnostic,":[287],"therapeutic":[289,310],"methods.":[290],"does":[292],"not":[293],"exclude":[294],"placebo,":[298],"no":[300,305],"treatment,":[301],"studies":[303],"where":[304],"proven":[306],"diagnostic":[308],"exists.":[312],"Correspondence":[313],"to:":[314],"L":[315],"J":[316],"Hirsch":[317]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}