{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2028176751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.1972.324159","title":"Hot Spots Generated in Conducting Spheres by Electromagnetic Waves and Biological Implications","display_name":"Hot Spots Generated in Conducting Spheres by Electromagnetic Waves and Biological Implications","publication_year":1972,"publication_date":"1972-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2028176751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.1972.324159","mag":"2028176751","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5008413"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.1972.324159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.1972.324159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.1972.324159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056977254","display_name":"H. N. Kritikos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haralambos N. Kritikos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electromedical Division, Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 19104"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electromedical Division, Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 19104","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111579126","display_name":"Herman P. Schwan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herman P. Schwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electromedical Division, Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 19104"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electromedical Division, Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 19104","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.5455,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":135,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99111901,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"BME-19","issue":"1","first_page":"53","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10874","display_name":"Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10874","display_name":"Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.010700000450015068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11851","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hot-spots","display_name":"hot spots","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-wave-heating","display_name":"electromagnetic wave heating","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conducting-sphere","display_name":"conducting sphere","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-plane-waves","display_name":"plane electromagnetic wave","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-model","display_name":"human head model","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-electrical-conductivity","display_name":"tissue conductivity","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-heating","display_name":"skin heating","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-heating","display_name":"microwave heating","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization-effects","display_name":"polarization effects","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-heating","display_name":"tissue heating","score":0.3479999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72422203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7392545","display_name":"SPHERES","level":2,"score":0.811741292476654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.6772722601890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149773537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12969754","display_name":"Electromagnetic radiation","level":2,"score":0.6263141632080078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5734318494796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5361155867576599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5000967979431152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69990965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65402698","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","level":2,"score":0.4395107626914978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40308292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122518","display_name":"Plane wave","level":2,"score":0.4182325303554535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3444178104400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.15819022059440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004582","descriptor_name":"Electronics, Medical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006358","descriptor_name":"Hot Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008280","descriptor_name":"Magnetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.1972.324159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.1972.324159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.1972.324159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:5008413","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5008413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.504800021648407}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023050159","https://openalex.org/W2039505479","https://openalex.org/W2136387179","https://openalex.org/W2490973906","https://openalex.org/W4241345398"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964912599","https://openalex.org/W2086629104","https://openalex.org/W2435135543","https://openalex.org/W2319427286","https://openalex.org/W2010948644","https://openalex.org/W2087242944","https://openalex.org/W2126797753","https://openalex.org/W1964930849","https://openalex.org/W2010267096","https://openalex.org/W1999273949"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"distribution":[1],"of":[2,30,40,75,80,93,110,121,128],"the":[3,18,34,53,76,115,125],"heating":[4,54,69],"potential":[5],"generated":[6,47],"by":[7],"an":[8],"incident":[9],"electromagnetic":[10],"plane":[11],"wave":[12],"on":[13],"a":[14,28,73],"conducting":[15],"sphere":[16,29,74],"simulating":[17],"human":[19],"head":[20],"was":[21,24],"investigated.":[22],"It":[23],"found":[25],"that":[26,92],"for":[27,62,87,100],"10-cm":[31],"radius":[32,111],"having":[33,114],"same":[35,77,116],"electrical":[36,117],"characteristics":[37,118],"as":[38,119],"those":[39,120],"biological":[41,94,122],"tissues,":[42],"no":[43],"hot":[44,96,104],"spots":[45,97,105],"are":[46],"inside.":[48],"While":[49],"at":[50],"lower":[51,90],"frequencies":[52,63],"is":[55,89],"relatively":[56],"uniform":[57],"with":[58],"some":[59],"polarization":[60],"effects,":[61],"above":[64],"1000":[65],"MHz":[66],"only":[67],"skin":[68],"takes":[70],"place.":[71],"For":[72],"size":[78],"but":[79],"conductivity":[81],"\u03c3":[82],"=":[83],"10":[84],"mmho/cm":[85],"(which":[86],"f>1000":[88,101],"than":[91],"tissues)":[95],"occur":[98,107],"inside":[99,108],"MHz.":[102,131],"Intense":[103],"also":[106],"spheres":[109],"5":[112],"cm":[113],"tissues":[123],"in":[124],"frequency":[126],"region":[127],"250":[129],"MHz<f<2800":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
