{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2028008564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1998.0555","title":"Injury\u2013induced expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by glial and microglial cells in the leech central nervous system within minutes after injury","display_name":"Injury\u2013induced expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by glial and microglial cells in the leech central nervous system within minutes after injury","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2028008564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1998.0555","mag":"2028008564","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9872006"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1998.0555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1998.0555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3006207977","display_name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","issn_l":"0080-4649","issn":["0080-4649","0962-8452","1471-2954","2053-9193"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1689516","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083734817","display_name":"Orie Thomas Shafer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7177-743X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7177-743X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. T. Shafer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100688564","display_name":"Angela Chien-Yu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5148-9278","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5148-9278"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103379887","display_name":"Shanta M. Kumar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. M. Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111744916","display_name":"Kenneth J. Muller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. J. Muller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110048674","display_name":"Christie L. Sahley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1013-3769","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1013-3769"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. L. Sahley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110048674"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6519,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62569146,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"265","issue":"1411","first_page":"2171","last_page":"2175"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10483","display_name":"Nerve injury and regeneration","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10483","display_name":"Nerve injury and regeneration","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10155","display_name":"Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects","score":0.0142000000923872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10706","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endothelial-nitric-oxide-synthase","display_name":"endothelial nitric oxide synthase","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitric-oxide","display_name":"nitric oxide","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nerve-injury","display_name":"nerve injury","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leeches","display_name":"leeches","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nerve-cord","display_name":"nerve cord","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glial-cells","display_name":"glial cells","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microglia","display_name":"microglia","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calmodulin","display_name":"calmodulin","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nadph-diaphorase","display_name":"NADPH-diaphorase","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axon-regeneration","display_name":"axon regeneration","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synapse-regeneration","display_name":"synapse regeneration","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nerve-repair","display_name":"nerve repair","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nervous-system-injury","display_name":"central nervous system injury","score":0.5979999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778326061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761022","display_name":"Enos","level":4,"score":0.6591017842292786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779830541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622829","display_name":"Microglia","level":3,"score":0.6165884733200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519581460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207843","display_name":"Nitric oxide","level":2,"score":0.582410991191864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178999","display_name":"Axon","level":2,"score":0.5617759823799133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.5450204014778137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5293917059898376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777622882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417619","display_name":"Nitric oxide synthase","level":3,"score":0.5140799283981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180746962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243147","display_name":"Leech","level":2,"score":0.4936853349208832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.4088849127292633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3536206781864166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.33966803550720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.27340781688690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2403223216533661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.23257097601890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.21033748984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.17756840586662292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002147","descriptor_name":"Calmodulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002147","descriptor_name":"Calmodulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002147","descriptor_name":"Calmodulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005615","descriptor_name":"Freezing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005615","descriptor_name":"Freezing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005615","descriptor_name":"Freezing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007150","descriptor_name":"Immunohistochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007150","descriptor_name":"Immunohistochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007150","descriptor_name":"Immunohistochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007865","descriptor_name":"Leeches","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007865","descriptor_name":"Leeches","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007865","descriptor_name":"Leeches","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009252","descriptor_name":"NADPH Dehydrogenase","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009252","descriptor_name":"NADPH Dehydrogenase","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009252","descriptor_name":"NADPH Dehydrogenase","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009409","descriptor_name":"Nerve Crush","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009409","descriptor_name":"Nerve Crush","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009409","descriptor_name":"Nerve Crush","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009416","descriptor_name":"Nerve Regeneration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009416","descriptor_name":"Nerve Regeneration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009416","descriptor_name":"Nerve Regeneration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009420","descriptor_name":"Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009420","descriptor_name":"Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009420","descriptor_name":"Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009457","descriptor_name":"Neuroglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009457","descriptor_name":"Neuroglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009457","descriptor_name":"Neuroglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009457","descriptor_name":"Neuroglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009457","descriptor_name":"Neuroglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009457","descriptor_name":"Neuroglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013449","descriptor_name":"Sulfonamides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013449","descriptor_name":"Sulfonamides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013449","descriptor_name":"Sulfonamides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015971","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015971","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015971","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017628","descriptor_name":"Microglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017628","descriptor_name":"Microglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017628","descriptor_name":"Microglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017628","descriptor_name":"Microglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017628","descriptor_name":"Microglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017628","descriptor_name":"Microglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019001","descriptor_name":"Nitric Oxide Synthase","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019001","descriptor_name":"Nitric Oxide Synthase","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019001","descriptor_name":"Nitric Oxide Synthase","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019001","descriptor_name":"Nitric Oxide Synthase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019001","descriptor_name":"Nitric Oxide Synthase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019001","descriptor_name":"Nitric Oxide Synthase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020196","descriptor_name":"Trauma, Nervous System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020196","descriptor_name":"Trauma, Nervous System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020196","descriptor_name":"Trauma, Nervous System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D052250","descriptor_name":"Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D052250","descriptor_name":"Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D052250","descriptor_name":"Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1998.0555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1998.0555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3006207977","display_name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","issn_l":"0080-4649","issn":["0080-4649","0962-8452","1471-2954","2053-9193"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9872006","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9872006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. Biological sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1689516","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1689516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc Biol Sci","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1689516","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1689516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc Biol Sci","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.766700029373169,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1316675208","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NS 34927","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8889832195","display_name":"Loss and Restoration of Function after Neuronal Injury","funder_award_id":"R01NS034927","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486261150","https://openalex.org/W1964141155","https://openalex.org/W1970190338","https://openalex.org/W1972860331","https://openalex.org/W1986271944","https://openalex.org/W1993093413","https://openalex.org/W2011769338","https://openalex.org/W2026071721","https://openalex.org/W2033189033","https://openalex.org/W2038978204","https://openalex.org/W2044918962","https://openalex.org/W2049781967","https://openalex.org/W2051233147","https://openalex.org/W2052048919","https://openalex.org/W2068562310","https://openalex.org/W2079019868","https://openalex.org/W2081359091","https://openalex.org/W2091547642","https://openalex.org/W2092826613","https://openalex.org/W2112950347","https://openalex.org/W2120533372","https://openalex.org/W2120629404","https://openalex.org/W2138270403","https://openalex.org/W2270283363","https://openalex.org/W4245482048"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2143240605","https://openalex.org/W2380131535","https://openalex.org/W4381683346","https://openalex.org/W2409527406","https://openalex.org/W2891310375","https://openalex.org/W2365675088","https://openalex.org/W4244042266","https://openalex.org/W1964111392","https://openalex.org/W2061076161","https://openalex.org/W1558624454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,7,50,90,125,204],"known":[2],"that":[3,69,149],"nitric":[4,93],"oxide":[5,94],"(NO)":[6],"produced":[8,150],"by":[9,175,183],"injured":[10],"tissues":[11],"of":[12,21,25,35,46,52,62,77,82,92,107,122,129,139,186,228],"the":[13,26,32,38,44,47,60,74,78,80,111,127,169,187,195,217],"mammalian":[14],"central":[15],"nervous":[16],"system":[17],"(CNS)":[18],"within":[19,70],"days":[20],"injury.":[22],"The":[23],"aim":[24],"present":[27],"experiments":[28],"was":[29,99,166,173],"to":[30,214,220],"determine":[31],"cellular":[33],"synthesis":[34],"NO":[36,63],"in":[37,64,194,198,208],"CNS":[39,45,109],"immediately":[40],"after":[41,72,143],"injury,":[42],"using":[43],"leech":[48,108,196],"which":[49,89,124,199],"capable":[51],"synapse":[53,202],"regeneration,":[54],"as":[55,136],"a":[56,115,118,137,147],"step":[57],"towards":[58],"understanding":[59],"role":[61],"nerve":[65,75,145],"repair.":[66],"We":[67],"report":[68],"minutes":[71],"crushing":[73],"cord":[76],"leech,":[79],"region":[81],"damage":[83],"stained":[84],"histochemically":[85],"for":[86,101,168,226],"NADPH":[87],"diaphorase,":[88],"indicative":[91],"synthase":[95],"(NOS)":[96],"activity,":[97],"and":[98,162,201,222],"immunoreactive":[100],"endothelial":[102],"NOS":[103,209],"(eNOS).":[104],"On":[105],"immunoblots":[106],"extract,":[110],"same":[112],"antibody":[113],"detected":[114],"band":[116],"with":[117],"relative":[119],"molecular":[120],"mass":[121],"140,000,":[123],"approximately":[126],"size":[128],"vertebrate":[130],"eNOS.":[131],"Cells":[132],"expressing":[133],"eNOS":[134,170],"immunoreactivity":[135],"result":[138],"injury":[140,221],"were":[141],"identified":[142],"freezing":[144],"cords,":[146],"procedure":[148],"less":[151,188],"tissue":[152],"distortion":[153],"than":[154],"mechanical":[155],"crushing.":[156],"Immunoreactive":[157],"cells":[158],"included":[159],"connective":[160],"glia":[161],"some":[163],"microglia.":[164],"Calmodulin":[165],"necessary":[167],"immunoreactivity:":[171],"it":[172],"blocked":[174],"calmodulin":[176,190],"antagonist":[177,191],"W7":[178],"(25":[179],"microM),":[180],"but":[181],"not":[182],"similar":[184],"concentrations":[185],"potent":[189],"W12.":[192],"Thus":[193],"CNS,":[197],"axon":[200],"regeneration":[203],"successful,":[205],"an":[206],"increase":[207],"activity":[210],"at":[211],"lesions":[212],"appears":[213],"be":[215,224],"among":[216],"earliest":[218],"responses":[219],"may":[223],"important":[225],"repair":[227],"axons.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}