{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2027972741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.81.1.198","title":"Evidence for clonal population structure in Escherichia coli.","display_name":"Evidence for clonal population structure in Escherichia coli.","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2027972741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.81.1.198","mag":"2027972741","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6364134","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/344638"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.81.1.198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.81.1.198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.81.1.198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2027972741"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC344638","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076522093","display_name":"Howard Ochman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1688-7059","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1688-7059"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H Ochman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Integrative Biology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrative Biology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109112215","display_name":"R K Selander","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R K Selander","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Rochester"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rochester","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.3765,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":196,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98665119,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"81","issue":"1","first_page":"198","last_page":"201"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10943","display_name":"Escherichia coli research studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10943","display_name":"Escherichia coli research studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli","display_name":"Escherichia coli","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clonal-population-structure","display_name":"clonal population structure","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allozyme-variation","display_name":"allozyme variation","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/o-serogroups","display_name":"O serogroups","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathogenicity-determinants","display_name":"pathogenicity determinants","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-specificity","display_name":"disease specificity","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-isolates","display_name":"human isolates","score":0.847000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8918273448944092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547475151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25419","display_name":"Escherichia coli","level":3,"score":0.7254653573036194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.697250485420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10389963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848328","display_name":"Serotype","level":2,"score":0.6788184642791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.56037837266922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81089528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5134986","display_name":"clone (Java method)","level":3,"score":0.5353126525878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46576788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532925","display_name":"Genetic structure","level":4,"score":0.5288863182067871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.5104495286941528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.4812297821044922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983611323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7229822","display_name":"Population structure","level":3,"score":0.4392356872558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.43525230884552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44671064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189800","display_name":"Gene pool","level":4,"score":0.42297056317329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.32854586839675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81977670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585259","display_name":"Genetic diversity","level":3,"score":0.2517644762992859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003001","descriptor_name":"Cloning, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004927","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005060","descriptor_name":"Europe","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007527","descriptor_name":"Isoenzymes","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011110","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012703","descriptor_name":"Serotyping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.81.1.198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.81.1.198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.81.1.198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:239826","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC344638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:6364134","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6364134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:344638","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC344638/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:239826","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC344638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4043000042438507}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489880699","https://openalex.org/W1497468021","https://openalex.org/W1539965151","https://openalex.org/W1604363183","https://openalex.org/W1820644981","https://openalex.org/W1846461377","https://openalex.org/W1909024074","https://openalex.org/W1925351332","https://openalex.org/W1940132199","https://openalex.org/W1979205685","https://openalex.org/W1982282046","https://openalex.org/W1986147894","https://openalex.org/W2035702416","https://openalex.org/W2069081823","https://openalex.org/W2069488901","https://openalex.org/W2070561312","https://openalex.org/W2088330494","https://openalex.org/W2107688752","https://openalex.org/W2139489138","https://openalex.org/W2145244757","https://openalex.org/W2167896930","https://openalex.org/W2275884936","https://openalex.org/W2916217134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1909024074","https://openalex.org/W2321278271","https://openalex.org/W1772675371","https://openalex.org/W2088330494","https://openalex.org/W2038708280","https://openalex.org/W2070561312","https://openalex.org/W1907149689","https://openalex.org/W2144011639","https://openalex.org/W1930167094","https://openalex.org/W2162095465"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Genotypes":[0],"of":[1,5,9,27,38,58,72,82,91,97,123,131,145,154,157,167,178,181],"142":[2],"K1":[3,84,138],"isolates":[4,85,102,112,139],"four":[6,64],"O":[7,98],"serogroups":[8,99],"Escherichia":[10],"coli":[11,159],"from":[12],"human":[13],"hosts":[14],"in":[15,30,51,186],"Europe":[16],"and":[17,56,68,183],"the":[18,59,69,73,83,101,108,132,148,151,176,179],"United":[19],"States":[20],"were":[21],"characterized":[22],"by":[23,42,54],"an":[24],"electrophoretic":[25,60],"analysis":[26,44],"allozymic":[28],"variation":[29],"12":[31],"chromosomally":[32],"encoded":[33],"enzymes.":[34],"The":[35,76,95],"genetic":[36,152],"structure":[37,71,153,171],"natural":[39,155],"populations":[40,156],"revealed":[41],"this":[43],"is":[45,125,160],"closely":[46],"similar":[47,127],"to":[48,87,107,128,141],"that":[49,80,150],"indicated":[50],"earlier":[52],"studies":[53],"Achtman":[55],"colleagues":[57],"migration":[61],"pattern":[62],"for":[63,137,175],"outer":[65],"membrane":[66],"proteins":[67],"chemical":[70],"cell-wall":[74],"lipopolysaccharides.":[75],"combined":[77],"evidence":[78,146],"demonstrates":[79],"most":[81],"belong":[86],"a":[88,129,142],"small":[89],"number":[90],"geographically":[92,119],"widespread":[93,120],"clones.":[94],"distribution":[96],"among":[100],"does":[103],"not":[104],"consistently":[105],"correspond":[106],"clonal":[109],"structure;":[110],"O1:K1":[111],"represent":[113],"at":[114],"least":[115],"two":[116],"distantly":[117],"related,":[118],"clones,":[121],"one":[122],"which":[124],"genetically":[126],"clone":[130],"O18:K1":[133],"serotype.":[134],"These":[135],"findings":[136],"add":[140],"growing":[143],"body":[144],"supporting":[147],"hypothesis":[149],"E.":[158,187],"basically":[161],"clonal,":[162],"with":[163],"very":[164],"limited":[165],"recombination":[166],"chromosomal":[168],"genes.":[169],"Clonal":[170],"has":[172],"important":[173],"implications":[174],"study":[177],"determinants":[180],"pathogenicity":[182],"disease":[184],"specificity":[185],"coli.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-15T12:55:33.944570","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
