{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2027665702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajfand.v11i2.65922","title":"Farming for balanced nutrition: an agricultural approach to addressing micronutrient deficiency among the vulnerable poor in Africa","display_name":"Farming for balanced nutrition: an agricultural approach to addressing micronutrient deficiency among the vulnerable poor in Africa","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2027665702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajfand.v11i2.65922","mag":"2027665702"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/ajfand.v11i2.65922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajfand.v11i2.65922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajfand.v11i2.65922","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfand/article/download/65922/53626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112978253","display_name":"African Journal of Food Agriculture Nutrition and Development","issn_l":"1684-5358","issn":["1684-5358","1684-5374"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311044","host_organization_name":"African Scholarly Science Communications Trust","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311044"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Scholarly Science Communications Trust"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfand/article/download/65922/53626","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110049989","display_name":"RJ Hillocks","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162782","display_name":"Natural Resources Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05t3n1398","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162782"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55060895","display_name":"University of Greenwich","ror":"https://ror.org/00bmj0a71","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"RJ Hillocks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162782","https://openalex.org/I55060895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110049989"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162782","https://openalex.org/I55060895"],"apc_list":{"value":750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":750},"apc_paid":{"value":750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":750},"fwci":1.6368,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81440318,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.9359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.9359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14272","display_name":"Agricultural and Food Production Studies","score":0.009700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14269","display_name":"Food Security and Socioeconomic Dynamics","score":0.007300000172108412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micronutrient-deficiency","display_name":"micronutrient deficiency","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balanced-diet","display_name":"balanced diet","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-diversity","display_name":"dietary diversity","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-a-deficiency","display_name":"vitamin A deficiency","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-deficiency-anemia","display_name":"iron deficiency anemia","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabaceae","display_name":"Fabaceae","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruits-and-vegetables","display_name":"fruits and vegetables","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orange-fleshed-sweet-potato","display_name":"orange-fleshed sweet potato","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sub-saharan-africa","display_name":"sub-Saharan Africa","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-self-reliance","display_name":"community self-reliance","score":0.7429999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14522933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531507","display_name":"Micronutrient","level":2,"score":0.8907026648521423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778596745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6839792","display_name":"Micronutrient deficiency","level":3,"score":0.8033170700073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551997983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12167","display_name":"Malnutrition","level":2,"score":0.6974805593490601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.6569323539733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.594752848148346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778129702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2655893","display_name":"Vitamin A deficiency","level":4,"score":0.5073100924491882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777417653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1313081","display_name":"Iron deficiency","level":3,"score":0.5058372020721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.43551769852638245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128383755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816336","display_name":"Agricultural productivity","level":3,"score":0.4308074116706848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.340658038854599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776940978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34956","display_name":"Vitamin","level":2,"score":0.339731365442276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.33472514152526855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3301233649253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778248108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5445","display_name":"Anemia","level":2,"score":0.2599489092826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.25029629468917847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1487235128879547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779573558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424976","display_name":"Retinol","level":3,"score":0.1128481924533844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07511574029922485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4314/ajfand.v11i2.65922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajfand.v11i2.65922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajfand.v11i2.65922","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfand/article/download/65922/53626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112978253","display_name":"African Journal of Food Agriculture Nutrition and Development","issn_l":"1684-5358","issn":["1684-5358","1684-5374"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311044","host_organization_name":"African Scholarly Science Communications Trust","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311044"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Scholarly Science Communications Trust"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gala.gre.ac.uk:5946","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/5946/1/Paper-Proof-April2011.pdf","pdf_url":"http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/5946/1/Paper-Proof-April2011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401244","display_name":"Greenwich Academic Literature Archive (University of Greenwich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I55060895","host_organization_name":"University of Greenwich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/55705","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/55705","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/bc729bf2-5559-44d6-8afc-b494d10d04ae/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.404.5599","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.404.5599","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ajfand.net/Volume11/No2/Hillocks11050.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.989.9065","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.989.9065","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfand/article/download/65922/53626/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:cria:bioline:nd:nd11020","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.bioline.org.br/abstract?id=nd11020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402188","display_name":"Bioline International (Bioline International)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development (ISSN: 1684-5358) Vol 11 Num 2","raw_type":"AA"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/ajfand.v11i2.65922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajfand.v11i2.65922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajfand.v11i2.65922","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfand/article/download/65922/53626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112978253","display_name":"African Journal of Food Agriculture Nutrition and Development","issn_l":"1684-5358","issn":["1684-5358","1684-5374"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311044","host_organization_name":"African Scholarly Science Communications Trust","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311044"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Scholarly Science Communications Trust"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.41670000553131104,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2027665702.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2027665702.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1429132146","https://openalex.org/W1494945531","https://openalex.org/W1517821696","https://openalex.org/W1551497698","https://openalex.org/W1577077796","https://openalex.org/W1725708982","https://openalex.org/W1775278440","https://openalex.org/W1891675841","https://openalex.org/W1930696525","https://openalex.org/W1941145238","https://openalex.org/W1954969381","https://openalex.org/W1973939944","https://openalex.org/W1991711218","https://openalex.org/W1994514995","https://openalex.org/W2000795003","https://openalex.org/W2046779745","https://openalex.org/W2067976663","https://openalex.org/W2074758034","https://openalex.org/W2094995384","https://openalex.org/W2095745334","https://openalex.org/W2101154874","https://openalex.org/W2105385457","https://openalex.org/W2106350236","https://openalex.org/W2115158463","https://openalex.org/W2125589773","https://openalex.org/W2127653958","https://openalex.org/W2131671943","https://openalex.org/W2137747410","https://openalex.org/W2139383788","https://openalex.org/W2142949420","https://openalex.org/W2154411987","https://openalex.org/W2159877263","https://openalex.org/W2161083949","https://openalex.org/W2162334426","https://openalex.org/W2167905398","https://openalex.org/W2186453741","https://openalex.org/W2188400140","https://openalex.org/W2215179790","https://openalex.org/W2273877679","https://openalex.org/W2274274869","https://openalex.org/W2277451119","https://openalex.org/W2280137747","https://openalex.org/W2298990447","https://openalex.org/W2336667266","https://openalex.org/W2338408533","https://openalex.org/W2561755977","https://openalex.org/W3123155571","https://openalex.org/W3138596665","https://openalex.org/W3142018894","https://openalex.org/W4235850385","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298845371","https://openalex.org/W6606536270"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7037863070","https://openalex.org/W7095623115","https://openalex.org/W2274274869","https://openalex.org/W1514552235","https://openalex.org/W2502380775","https://openalex.org/W7220192913","https://openalex.org/W1489943363","https://openalex.org/W2215179790","https://openalex.org/W4254962737","https://openalex.org/W867182711"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Concepts":[0],"on":[1,8],"malnutrition":[2],"have":[3,130,158,249],"evolved":[4],"from":[5,85,99],"an":[6,23,286],"emphasis":[7],"protein":[9],"deficiency":[10,44,67,77,101,147,198],"through":[11,148,280],"energy":[12],"deficit,":[13],"to":[14,71,80,144,159,168,181,193,225,230,241,289],"the":[15,40,48,141,149,170,178,183,194,210,250,262,269,298],"realization":[16],"that":[17,253],"food":[18,37,111,175],"quality":[19,174,213,293],"in":[20,28,135,140,177,209,261],"general":[21],"and":[22,68,82,92,105,138,153,188,219,237,247,294],"adequate":[24],"supply":[25],"of":[26,33,47,151,172,196,245,264,282,300],"micronutrients":[27],"particular,":[29],"is":[30,45,113,167],"often":[31],"more":[32],"a":[34,227],"problem":[35,195],"than":[36],"quantity.":[38],"Throughout":[39],"developing":[41,142],"world,":[42,143],"micronutrient":[43,76,100,146,197],"one":[46],"most":[49,96],"important":[50],"factors":[51],"influencing":[52],"human":[53],"health,":[54],"being":[55],"directly":[56],"responsible":[57],"for":[58,107,110,127,271],"conditions":[59],"such":[60,88,215,306],"as":[61,89,216,307],"xeropthalmia,":[62],"associated":[63],"with":[64,185],"vitamin":[65,152],"A":[66],"anaemia,":[69],"due":[70],"iron":[72],"deficiency.":[73],"In":[74],"addition,":[75],"predisposes":[78],"children":[79,104],"infection":[81],"retards":[83],"recovery":[84],"common":[86],"infections":[87],"malaria,":[90],"measles":[91],"diarrhoea.":[93],"The":[94],"groups":[95],"at":[97],"risk":[98],"are":[102,259],"usually":[103,157],"those":[106],"whom":[108],"labour":[109],"production":[112],"limited":[114],"by":[115,274],"ill":[116],"health":[117,133],"(HIV":[118],"sufferers),":[119],"advancedage":[120],"or":[121],"intense":[122],"social":[123],"commitments":[124],"(single":[125],"mothers,":[126],"example).":[128],"There":[129],"been":[131],"numerous":[132],"projects":[134],"sub-Saharan":[136],"Africa":[137],"elsewhere":[139],"address":[145,290],"distribution":[150],"mineral":[154],"supplements,":[155],"which":[156,203],"be":[160,223],"imported.":[161],"An":[162,207],"alternative":[163],"(or":[164],"complementary)":[165],"approach":[166,192],"promote":[169],"inclusion":[171],"high":[173],"crops":[176],"farming":[179],"system":[180],"enrich":[182],"diet":[184,205,229,292],"essential":[186],"vitamins":[187,246],"minerals.":[189],"This":[190],"agricultural":[191],"can":[199,295],"provide":[200],"sustainable":[201,260],"solutions,":[202],"improve":[204],"quality.":[206],"increase":[208],"cultivation":[211],"ofhigh":[212],"foods":[214],"legumes,":[217],"fruits":[218],"green":[220],"vegetables,":[221],"may":[222],"able":[224],"deliver":[226],"balanced":[228],"households,":[231],"without":[232],"necessarily":[233],"requiring":[234],"additional":[235,251],"land":[236],"labour.":[238],"Agricultural":[239],"approaches":[240],"enhance":[242],"dietary":[243],"intake":[244],"minerals":[248],"advantage":[252],"they":[254,258],"foster":[255],"community":[256],"self-reliance,":[257],"absence":[263],"external":[265],"funding,":[266],"and,":[267],"offer":[268],"opportunity":[270],"enhanced":[272,304],"income":[273],"marketing":[275],"surplus":[276],"production.":[277],"Diet":[278],"diversification":[279],"betteruse":[281],"existing":[283],"biodiversity":[284],"offers":[285],"immediate":[287],"means":[288],"poor":[291],"also":[296],"include":[297],"use":[299],"presently":[301],"available":[302],"nutritionally":[303],"crops,":[305],"orange-fleshed":[308],"sweet":[309],"potato.":[310]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}