{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2027619331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02078.x","title":"Scaling up child and adolescent mental health services in South Africa: Human resource requirements and costs","display_name":"Scaling up child and adolescent mental health services in South Africa: Human resource requirements and costs","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2027619331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02078.x","mag":"2027619331","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19243477"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02078.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02078.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02078.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177929781","display_name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","issn_l":"0021-9630","issn":["0021-9630","1469-7610"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005006019","display_name":"Crick Lund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5159-8220","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5159-8220"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Crick Lund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa. crick.lund@uct.ac.za","Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa. crick.lund@uct.ac.za","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018889204","display_name":"Gerard Boyce","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103250015","display_name":"Human Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/056206b04","country_code":"ZA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103250015"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerard Boyce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Child, Youth, Family and Social Development, Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Child, Youth, Family and Social Development, Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103250015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111699908","display_name":"Alan J. Flisher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["NO","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan J. Flisher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa","Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Bergen, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039325893","display_name":"Zuhayr Kafaar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6873-9870","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6873-9870"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuhayr Kafaar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University; 5Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town","5Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town","Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University; 5Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274","https://openalex.org/I26092322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070256654","display_name":"Andrew Dawes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7185-3049","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7185-3049"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103250015","display_name":"Human Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/056206b04","country_code":"ZA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103250015"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Dawes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Child, Youth, Family and Social Development, Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Child, Youth, Family and Social Development, Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103250015"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005006019"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"],"apc_list":{"value":4530,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4530},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0682,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95525198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"9","first_page":"1121","last_page":"1130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13944","display_name":"Psychiatric care and mental health services","score":0.01269999984651804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11990","display_name":"Global Health Workforce Issues","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3604","display_name":"Emergency Medical Services"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-and-adolescent-mental-health-services","display_name":"child and adolescent mental health services","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling-up-mental-health-services","display_name":"scaling up mental health services","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-resource-needs","display_name":"human resource needs","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-costs","display_name":"service costs","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-workforce-planning","display_name":"mental health workforce planning","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-coverage","display_name":"service coverage","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-utilization","display_name":"service utilization","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence-of-mental-disorders","display_name":"prevalence of mental disorders","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-care","display_name":"primary care","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outpatient-clinics","display_name":"outpatient clinics","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-policy","display_name":"mental health policy","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.9559999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777512617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783605","display_name":"Staffing","level":2,"score":0.7650270462036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.7368457317352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5750105977058411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776688068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940223","display_name":"Catchment area","level":3,"score":0.5222983360290527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5124123692512512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164624739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754331","display_name":"Activity-based costing","level":2,"score":0.5073556303977966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.44880300760269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.42891186475753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137992405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137608","display_name":"Health administration","level":3,"score":0.41499584913253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3282051086425781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3121105432510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.308249831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.2842918634414673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.18698102235794067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14143720269203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126645576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166620","display_name":"Drainage basin","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000078329","descriptor_name":"Workforce","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003365","descriptor_name":"Costs and Cost Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006301","descriptor_name":"Health Services Needs and Demand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008605","descriptor_name":"Mental Health Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008605","descriptor_name":"Mental Health Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013019","descriptor_name":"South Africa","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016497","descriptor_name":"Adolescent Health Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017146","descriptor_name":"Models, Organizational","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02078.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02078.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02078.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177929781","display_name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","issn_l":"0021-9630","issn":["0021-9630","1469-7610"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19243477","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19243477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321637","display_name":"Department for International Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05rf29967"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W45667357","https://openalex.org/W193140001","https://openalex.org/W627328496","https://openalex.org/W1565238198","https://openalex.org/W1828516474","https://openalex.org/W1898504652","https://openalex.org/W1963655739","https://openalex.org/W2006974966","https://openalex.org/W2052755559","https://openalex.org/W2060051311","https://openalex.org/W2082602945","https://openalex.org/W2089445613","https://openalex.org/W2094118193","https://openalex.org/W2122030828","https://openalex.org/W2137693987","https://openalex.org/W2143403659","https://openalex.org/W2154179265","https://openalex.org/W2159061031","https://openalex.org/W2159335402","https://openalex.org/W2439094802","https://openalex.org/W2524787587","https://openalex.org/W3122435488","https://openalex.org/W3142629876","https://openalex.org/W4247189139","https://openalex.org/W4388337560"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7166847553","https://openalex.org/W1851900491","https://openalex.org/W4226154486","https://openalex.org/W4285389899","https://openalex.org/W7126007564","https://openalex.org/W7018014678","https://openalex.org/W2805495356","https://openalex.org/W2524787587","https://openalex.org/W7166837073","https://openalex.org/W2142560219"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Children":[1],"and":[2,14,30,50,112,127,129,145,197,208,221,264,281],"adolescents":[3,146],"with":[4,233,262],"mental":[5,32,69,294],"health":[6,33,70,295],"problems":[7],"have":[8],"poor":[9],"service":[10,71,105,125],"cover":[11],"in":[12,36,58,82,116,164,168,175,181,186,192,199,236,244,278],"low-":[13],"middle-income":[15],"countries.":[16,38],"Little":[17],"is":[18,282],"known":[19],"about":[20],"the":[21,47,78,117,152,218,228],"resources":[22,49],"that":[23],"would":[24,142],"be":[25,89,143,254,274],"required":[26,53,158],"to":[27,45,54,67,91,260,284],"provide":[28],"child":[29,211],"adolescent":[31,213],"services":[34,81],"(CAMHS)":[35],"these":[37],"The":[39,86,251],"purpose":[40],"of":[41,77,103,110,123,137,150,230,247,293],"this":[42,231],"study":[43],"was":[44,65],"calculate":[46,68],"human":[48],"associated":[51],"costs":[52],"scale":[55],"up":[56,292],"CAMHS":[57,183,188,194,201,248],"South":[59,237],"Africa.":[60],"METHODS:":[61],"A":[62],"spreadsheet":[63],"model":[64,87,232,252],"developed":[66],"resources,":[72],"based":[73],"on":[74,267],"an":[75,257],"estimation":[76],"need":[79],"for":[80,217,276,288],"a":[83,133,241,268,289],"given":[84],"population.":[85],"can":[88,253,272],"adapted":[90,275],"specific":[92],"settings":[93],"by":[94],"adjusting":[95],"population":[96,120,136],"size,":[97],"age":[98],"distribution,":[99],"prevalence,":[100,124],"comorbidity,":[101],"levels":[102,246],"coverage,":[104],"utilisation":[106,126],"rates,":[107],"workloads,":[108],"length":[109],"consultations":[111],"staff":[113,156],"profile.":[114],"Steps":[115],"modelling":[118],"include":[119],"identification;":[121],"estimates":[122],"staffing;":[128],"costing.":[130],"RESULTS:":[131],"Using":[132],"nominal":[134],"total":[135],"100,000":[138],"(of":[139],"which":[140],"43,170":[141],"children":[144],"under":[147],"20":[148],"years":[149],"age),":[151],"following":[153],"full-time":[154],"equivalent":[155],"are":[157],"at":[159],"minimum":[160,222],"coverage":[161,220,223],"level:":[162],"5.8":[163],"PHC":[165],"facilities,":[166,179,190],".6":[167,185],"general":[169,176],"hospital":[170,177],"outpatient":[171],"departments":[172],"(OPDs),":[173],".1":[174],"inpatient":[178,189],"1.1":[180],"specialist":[182,187,193],"OPDs,":[184],".5":[191],"day":[195],"services,":[196],".8":[198],"regional":[200],"teams.":[202],"This":[203],"translates":[204],"into":[205],"roughly":[206],"$21.50":[207],"$5.99":[209],"per":[210,214],"or":[212],"annum":[215],"nationally":[216],"full":[219],"scenarios":[224],"respectively.":[225],"When":[226],"comparing":[227],"results":[229],"current":[234],"realities":[235],"Africa,":[238],"there":[239],"remains":[240],"substantial":[242],"shortfall":[243],"existing":[245],"provision.":[249],"CONCLUSIONS:":[250],"used":[255],"as":[256],"advocacy":[258],"tool":[259],"engage":[261],"planners":[263],"policy":[265],"makers":[266],"rational":[269],"basis.":[270],"It":[271],"also":[273],"use":[277],"other":[279],"countries,":[280],"intended":[283],"support":[285],"wider":[286],"calls":[287],"global":[290],"scaling":[291],"services.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
