{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2027459265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.102.suppl_4.iv-69","title":"Regulation of Cardiac Contraction and Relaxation","display_name":"Regulation of Cardiac Contraction and Relaxation","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2027459265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.102.suppl_4.iv-69","mag":"2027459265","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11080134"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.suppl_4.iv-69","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.102.suppl_4.iv-69","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.102.suppl_4.iv-69","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116251202","display_name":"Circulation","issn_l":"0009-7322","issn":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034888982","display_name":"Arnold M. Katz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75929689","display_name":"UConn Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzs4y22","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75929689"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. M. Katz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145","https://openalex.org/I75929689"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085665354","display_name":"Beverly H. Lorell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. H. Lorell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.484,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69576826,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"102","issue":"Supplement 4","first_page":"IV","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10882","display_name":"Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10882","display_name":"Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.03700000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10821","display_name":"Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors","score":0.014600000344216824,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-contraction","display_name":"cardiac contraction","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myocardial-relaxation","display_name":"myocardial relaxation","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitation-contraction-coupling","display_name":"excitation-contraction coupling","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-handling","display_name":"calcium handling","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myosin-heavy-chain-isoforms","display_name":"myosin heavy chain isoforms","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troponin-i-phosphorylation","display_name":"troponin I phosphorylation","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troponin-t-isoforms","display_name":"troponin T isoforms","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-sensitivity","display_name":"calcium sensitivity","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/na-ca2-exchanger","display_name":"Na+/Ca2+ exchanger","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-pump","display_name":"calcium pump","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-channels","display_name":"calcium channels","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-failure","display_name":"heart failure","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-hypertrophy","display_name":"cardiac hypertrophy","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-adrenergic-stimulation","display_name":"beta-adrenergic stimulation","score":0.6740000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9122663140296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163415756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126473","display_name":"Contraction (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6995337009429932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.5469957590103149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99398487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257319","display_name":"Cardiac cycle","level":2,"score":0.48817187547683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.42903029918670654}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002118","descriptor_name":"Calcium","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002309","descriptor_name":"Cardiology","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009200","descriptor_name":"Myocardial Contraction","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014336","descriptor_name":"Troponin","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.suppl_4.iv-69","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.102.suppl_4.iv-69","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.102.suppl_4.iv-69","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116251202","display_name":"Circulation","issn_l":"0009-7322","issn":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1161/circ.102.suppl_4.iv-69","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/circ.102.suppl_4.iv-69","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/circ.102.suppl_4.iv-69","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116251202","display_name":"Circulation","issn_l":"0009-7322","issn":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11080134","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11080134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4043000042438507,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52877415","https://openalex.org/W91537118","https://openalex.org/W107659928","https://openalex.org/W1031902422","https://openalex.org/W1507964359","https://openalex.org/W1517770822","https://openalex.org/W1518428823","https://openalex.org/W1520266592","https://openalex.org/W1576399086","https://openalex.org/W1595204022","https://openalex.org/W1604648602","https://openalex.org/W1777805768","https://openalex.org/W1966491895","https://openalex.org/W1967428301","https://openalex.org/W1968564818","https://openalex.org/W1969318260","https://openalex.org/W1972994243","https://openalex.org/W1974852811","https://openalex.org/W1975328649","https://openalex.org/W1975645575","https://openalex.org/W1977826512","https://openalex.org/W1979507072","https://openalex.org/W1980756337","https://openalex.org/W1981870389","https://openalex.org/W1990421557","https://openalex.org/W1992540995","https://openalex.org/W1993615583","https://openalex.org/W1995197959","https://openalex.org/W1996140321","https://openalex.org/W1998245427","https://openalex.org/W1998285398","https://openalex.org/W2003414716","https://openalex.org/W2008125380","https://openalex.org/W2012448447","https://openalex.org/W2014393752","https://openalex.org/W2017817977","https://openalex.org/W2018467611","https://openalex.org/W2030271041","https://openalex.org/W2032244944","https://openalex.org/W2035083384","https://openalex.org/W2036162307","https://openalex.org/W2040974941","https://openalex.org/W2044390013","https://openalex.org/W2046160023","https://openalex.org/W2054225000","https://openalex.org/W2059201211","https://openalex.org/W2068593790","https://openalex.org/W2076682238","https://openalex.org/W2082626776","https://openalex.org/W2085214862","https://openalex.org/W2091776886","https://openalex.org/W2095488878","https://openalex.org/W2096636937","https://openalex.org/W2119972250","https://openalex.org/W2121761723","https://openalex.org/W2126035738","https://openalex.org/W2132929071","https://openalex.org/W2136162005","https://openalex.org/W2138783312","https://openalex.org/W2141733118","https://openalex.org/W2142754357","https://openalex.org/W2153194642","https://openalex.org/W2169732289","https://openalex.org/W2170720491","https://openalex.org/W2172651823","https://openalex.org/W2226437153","https://openalex.org/W2295790750","https://openalex.org/W2296998040","https://openalex.org/W2314949940","https://openalex.org/W2319534362","https://openalex.org/W2326508838","https://openalex.org/W2394823124","https://openalex.org/W2413825009","https://openalex.org/W2414462737","https://openalex.org/W2417143721","https://openalex.org/W2418117500","https://openalex.org/W2418211987","https://openalex.org/W2418267971","https://openalex.org/W2429244732","https://openalex.org/W2977097895","https://openalex.org/W4245244523"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062228786","https://openalex.org/W2057062767","https://openalex.org/W2020539923","https://openalex.org/W7096983678","https://openalex.org/W4415456445","https://openalex.org/W2993928151","https://openalex.org/W2166533816","https://openalex.org/W2157419932","https://openalex.org/W1982469770","https://openalex.org/W2158126257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Myocardial":[0],"contraction":[1,260],"and":[2,27,29,57,70,89,99,119,213,251,300,309,329,341,455,479,666,725,771,783,798,825,838,841,852,869,891],"its":[3,275,320,576],"control":[4,207],"can":[5,110,370,800,854,986,1020],"be":[6,289,739,801,855],"understood":[7],"in":[8,55,61,86,95,160,202,220,253,267,338,365,376,393,399,408,446,575,651,696,746,803,809,846,937,954,957,966,972,1004,1017],"terms":[9,804],"of":[10,39,49,58,75,144,150,153,166,187,198,208,234,256,259,296,326,344,347,414,453,485,499,510,514,518,531,555,584,639,648,657,671,674,693,737,775,792,805,849,879,887,893,898,908,914,946,991,1008],"the":[11,37,40,46,62,66,81,97,100,141,151,154,161,164,184,196,199,203,209,221,225,229,235,240,243,254,257,283,297,316,334,339,348,352,366,380,397,409,428,483,491,503,511,515,519,535,549,558,605,635,655,661,672,683,690,708,716,743,753,769,772,779,789,793,817,847,866,874,901,909,924,931,938,973,978,989,1005,1009],"interactions":[12,210,241],"among":[13,833],"six":[14],"proteins.\r\n\r\n\r\nEach":[15],"myosin":[16,50,67,82,214],"molecule":[17],"contains":[18,125],"two":[19,761,806,858],"heavy":[20,43,68,83,107],"chains":[21,32,44,69,72,84],"that":[22,33,246,287,332,336,350,406,440,567,574,733],"extend":[23],"through":[24,306,707,760,906],"both":[25,96,377,768,897],"head":[26,38],"tail,":[28],"four":[30],"light":[31,71],"are":[34,45,73,449,882,941],"associated":[35],"with":[36,113,120],"molecule.":[41],"The":[42,147,607,618,830,969,1024],"major":[47,451,467,508,844],"determinants":[48],"adenosine":[51,135,888,915],"triphosphatase":[52],"(ATPase)":[53],"activity":[54],"vitro":[56],"shortening":[59,252],"velocity":[60],"living":[63],"muscle.":[64],"Both":[65],"members":[74],"multigene":[76],"families.":[77],"Isoform":[78],"shifts":[79],"involving":[80,178],"occur":[85],"chronically":[87,204],"overloaded":[88,205],"failing":[90],"hearts,":[91,448],"where":[92],"they":[93],"participate":[94,337],"adaptive":[98],"maladaptive":[101],"response":[102,152,517,619],"to":[103,156,182,195,248,273,291,318,323,470,490,521,620,627,678,689,751,755,923,993,1014,1032,1047],"chronic":[104],"overloading.":[105],"Myosin":[106],"chain":[108],"isoforms":[109],"also":[111,544,641],"change":[112,192],"endocrine":[114],"abnormalities,":[115],"notably":[116],"thyroid":[117],"disorders,":[118],"aging.\r\n\r\n\r\nCardiac":[121],"muscle":[122],"troponin":[123,145,169,279,784],"I":[124,785],"a":[126,133,324,402,450,507,563,570,597,615,734,747,843,950,962,1012],"serine":[127],"residue":[128],"that,":[129,445],"when":[130,587,610],"phosphorylated":[131,590],"by":[132,218,231,263,361,475,527,534,561,591,604,614,630,645,703,884],"cyclic":[134],"monophosphate":[136],"(cAMP)-dependent":[137],"protein":[138,180,565,573,593,599,622,676],"kinase,":[139],"reduces":[140,977],"calcium":[142,157,185,222,265,293,304,307,310,349,375,404,422,473,486,500,532,546,581,602,632,650,658,664,680,705,711,738,773,776,790,807,811,831,860,1027],"affinity":[143],"C.":[146,280],"resulting":[148,970],"desensitization":[149,197],"myocardium":[155],"favors":[158],"relaxation":[159,301,629,799,1043],"heart":[162,317,520,723,940,960],"under":[163],"influence":[165],"\u03b2-adrenergic":[167],"agonists.\r\n\r\n\r\nAlthough":[168],"T":[170],"itself":[171],"does":[172],"not":[173],"bind":[174],"calcium,":[175],"isoform":[176],"switches":[177],"this":[179,269,433,580,585,1018],"appear":[181],"modify":[183,333],"sensitivity":[186,774,791],"tension":[188,249],"development.":[189],"One":[190],"such":[191],"may":[193,1040],"contribute":[194],"contractile":[200,244,493,795],"proteins":[201,245,314,494],"heart.\r\n\r\n\r\nPhysiologic":[206],"between":[211,242,813],"actin":[212],"is":[215,228,261,359,385,441,461,469,506,525,589,612,687,701,758,921,928,1000,1029,1044,1051],"brought":[216],"about":[217],"variations":[219],"concentration":[223,474],"around":[224],"myofibrils.\r\n\r\n\r\nExcitation-contraction":[226],"coupling":[227,299,797],"process":[230],"which":[232,268,369,524,540,700,766,787,810,836,899,927,985,1039],"depolarization":[233],"cell":[236,354],"surface":[237],"membrane":[238,313,398,464,663,710,868],"initiates":[239],"lead":[247],"development":[250],"walls":[255],"heart.\r\n\r\n\r\nActivation":[258],"effected":[262],"passive":[264],"fluxes,":[266],"activator":[270,345,649],"moves":[271,407,812],"downhill":[272],"reach":[274],"binding":[276,489],"sites":[277],"on":[278,282,303],"Relaxation,":[281],"other":[284],"hand,":[285],"requires":[286],"energy":[288,880,903,920,980,1035,1048],"expended":[290],"move":[292],"uphill,":[294],"out":[295],"cytosol.\r\n\r\n\r\nExcitation-contraction":[298],"depend":[302],"fluxes":[305,832],"channels":[308,712],"pumps.":[311],"These":[312],"enable":[315],"adjust":[319],"mechanical":[321,512],"behavior":[322],"variety":[325],"physiologic,":[327],"pharmacologic,":[328],"pathophysiologic":[330],"stimuli":[331],"systems":[335],"delivery":[340],"subsequent":[342],"removal":[343],"calcium.\r\n\r\n\r\nMost":[346],"enters":[351],"cardiac":[353,457,492,684,780],"during":[355],"each":[356],"action":[357],"potential":[358,1007],"removed":[360],"an":[362,436,462,862,870,958],"ion":[363,405,423],"exchanger":[364,384,434],"plasma":[367,381,429,662,709,867],"membrane,":[368],"carry":[371],"either":[372,592],"sodium":[373,391,417],"or":[374,596],"directions":[378],"across":[379,396,427,865],"membrane.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe":[382],"sodium-calcium":[383,667],"electrogenic":[386],"because":[387],"it":[388],"transports":[389],"three":[390,415],"ions":[392,418],"one":[394,420],"direction":[395],"exchange":[400,413],"for":[401,419,443,488,982],"single":[403],"opposite":[410],"direction.":[411],"This":[412,757,918],"monovalent":[416],"divalent":[421],"generates":[424,435],"ionic":[425],"current":[426,439],"membrane.\r\n\r\n\r\nCalcium":[430],"efflux":[431,659],"via":[432,660],"inward":[437],"(depolarizing)":[438],"responsible":[442],"afterdepolarizations":[444],"calcium-overloaded":[447],"cause":[452],"arrhythmias":[454],"sudden":[456],"death.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe":[458],"sarcoplasmic":[459,504,536,550,559,636,685,744,781,821,1025],"reticulum":[460,505,560,686,745,1026],"intracellular":[463,652],"system":[465],"whose":[466],"function":[468],"regulate":[471],"cytosolic":[472,553],"taking":[476],"up,":[477],"storing,":[478],"releasing":[480],"calcium.":[481],"Because":[482,998],"amount":[484,736],"released":[487],"controls":[495],"myocardial":[496,643,698,850],"contractility,":[497,699],"regulation":[498,848],"release":[501,1036],"from":[502,1037],"determinant":[509],"performance":[513],"heart.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe":[516],"sympathetic":[522,625,694,719],"stimulation,":[523],"mediated":[526,702],"cAMP,":[528],"includes":[529],"stimulation":[530,626,695,720],"transport":[533,603,633,681,777],"reticulum.":[537,551,637],"Phosphodiesterase":[538],"inhibitors,":[539],"inhibit":[541,1021],"cAMP":[542,556],"breakdown,":[543],"increase":[545],"uptake":[547],"into":[548,634,682,742,778],"Increased":[552],"levels":[554,936],"stimulate":[557,679],"activating":[562],"cAMP-dependent":[564,621,675],"kinase":[566,594,600,623,677],"phosphorylates":[568],"phospholamban,":[569],"small":[571],"regulatory":[572],"dephosphorylated":[577,613],"state":[578],"inhibits":[579],"pump.":[582,606],"Reversal":[583],"inhibition":[586,608],"phospholamban":[588,611,640,764],"A":[595],"calcium-calmodulin-activated":[598],"increases":[601,642,722,767],"reappears":[609],"phosphoprotein":[616],"phosphatase.":[617],"enables":[624],"promote":[628],"accelerating":[631],"Phosphorylation":[638],"contractility":[644,851],"favoring":[646],"retention":[647],"stores":[653],"at":[654],"expense":[656],"pump":[665,1028],"exchange.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe":[668],"physiologic":[669],"importance":[670],"ability":[673,990],"related":[688],"powerful":[691],"effect":[692],"increasing":[697],"increased":[704],"entry":[706],"(dihydropyridine":[713],"receptors).":[714],"At":[715],"same":[717],"time,":[718],"markedly":[721],"rate":[724,770],"therefore":[726],"shortens":[727],"diastole.":[728],"Together,":[729],"these":[730,834],"responses":[731],"require":[732],"greater":[735,964],"pumped":[740],"back":[741],"shorter":[748],"time":[749],"period":[750],"allow":[752],"ventricle":[754],"fill.":[756],"accomplished":[759],"phosphorylation":[762,925,1006],"reactions:":[763],"phosphorylation,":[765,786],"reticulum,":[782,822],"decreases":[788],"heart\u2019s":[794],"proteins.\r\n\r\n\r\nExcitation-contraction":[796],"described":[802],"cycles":[808],"five":[814],"compartments":[815],"within":[816,873],"heart:":[818],"extracellular":[819],"space,":[820],"cytosol,":[823],"troponin,":[824],"mitochondria":[826],"(see":[827],"Fig.":[828],"52.5).":[829],"compartments,":[835],"initiate":[837],"terminate":[839],"systole":[840],"play":[842],"role":[845],"filling,":[853],"viewed":[856],"as":[857,930],"distinct":[859],"cycles:":[861],"external":[863],"circulation":[864,872],"internal":[871],"cell.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe":[875],"most":[876],"important":[877],"consequences":[878],"starvation":[881,1049],"caused":[883],"slowed":[885],"rephosphorylation":[886],"diphosphate":[889],"(ADP)":[890],"accumulation":[892],"inorganic":[894],"phosphate":[895,912],"(Pi),":[896],"reduce":[900],"free":[902,919,979,1034],"made":[904],"available":[905,981],"hydrolysis":[907],"terminal":[910],"(high-energy)":[911],"bond":[913],"triphosphate":[916],"(ATP).":[917],"proportional":[922],"potential,":[926],"defined":[929],"ratio":[932,976,1019],"(ATP/ADP":[933],"\u00d7":[934],"Pi).\r\n\r\n\r\nADP":[935],"normal":[939],"much":[942,963],"lower":[943],"than":[944,1050],"those":[945],"ATP,":[947,1038],"so":[948],"even":[949,1011],"relatively":[951],"minor":[952],"decrease":[953,971],"ATP":[955,992],"content":[956],"energy-starved":[959],"causes":[961],"rise":[965],"ADP":[967,975],"levels.":[968],"ATP/":[974],"energyconsuming":[983],"reactions,":[984],"seriously":[987],"impair":[988],"power":[994],"key":[995],"cellular":[996],"function.":[997],"there":[999],"very":[1001],"little":[1002],"reserve":[1003],"heart,":[1010],"15%":[1013],"25%":[1015],"reduction":[1016],"ATP-dependent":[1022],"reactions.":[1023],"especially":[1030],"sensitive":[1031,1046],"reduced":[1033],"explain":[1041],"why":[1042],"more":[1045],"contraction.":[1052]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
