{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2027435343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jcini.2007040105","title":"The Cognitive Process of Decision Making","display_name":"The Cognitive Process of Decision Making","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2027435343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jcini.2007040105","mag":"2027435343"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/jcini.2007040105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jcini.2007040105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jcini.2007040105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157664362","display_name":"International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence","issn_l":"1557-3958","issn":["1557-3958","1557-3966"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012322217","display_name":"Yingxu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0445-3632","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0445-3632","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0635-2747"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingxu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063455671","display_name":"Guenther Ruhe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5651-1414","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5651-1414"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guenther Ruhe","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2969,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":347,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91458107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"73","last_page":"85"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.4634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.4634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.24230000376701355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13062","display_name":"Cognitive Computing and Networks","score":0.07400000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-making","display_name":"decision-making","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-processes","display_name":"cognitive processes","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-decision-models","display_name":"mathematical decision models","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-process-algebra","display_name":"real-time process algebra","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-making-strategies","display_name":"decision strategies","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expected-utility","display_name":"expected utility","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-decision-making","display_name":"Bayesian decision making","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-informatics","display_name":"cognitive informatics","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-system","display_name":"decision support system","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-agents","display_name":"software agents","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-systems","display_name":"expert systems","score":0.9980000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7895400524139404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20837028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623966","display_name":"Influence diagram","level":3,"score":0.6019183397293091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.5706019401550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135115379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2750514","display_name":"Decision engineering","level":4,"score":0.5636814832687378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.5551526546478271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186116695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249226","display_name":"Decision analysis","level":2,"score":0.5514671206474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5395087599754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28901747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177571","display_name":"Decision theory","level":2,"score":0.4963605999946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4545036256313324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59719044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7273265","display_name":"R-CAST","level":4,"score":0.4534780979156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92298750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008161","display_name":"Cognitive computing","level":3,"score":0.4495925307273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4442838430404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150325174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4335500","display_name":"Optimal decision","level":3,"score":0.41846179962158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97944126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5001864","display_name":"Business decision mapping","level":3,"score":0.4148206114768982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.228110671043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11598438024520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/jcini.2007040105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jcini.2007040105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jcini.2007040105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157664362","display_name":"International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence","issn_l":"1557-3958","issn":["1557-3958","1557-3966"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jcini0:v:1:y:2007:i:2:p:73-85","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/jcini.2007040105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W154197105","https://openalex.org/W1481951713","https://openalex.org/W1483241283","https://openalex.org/W1514981962","https://openalex.org/W1541093892","https://openalex.org/W2000016084","https://openalex.org/W2016604754","https://openalex.org/W2027615750","https://openalex.org/W2046495522","https://openalex.org/W2046557742","https://openalex.org/W2054229531","https://openalex.org/W2063034261","https://openalex.org/W2067778251","https://openalex.org/W2100243929","https://openalex.org/W2103812576","https://openalex.org/W2109100253","https://openalex.org/W2138549619","https://openalex.org/W2144846366","https://openalex.org/W2150750597","https://openalex.org/W2151611893","https://openalex.org/W2171258393","https://openalex.org/W2175830830","https://openalex.org/W2305540842","https://openalex.org/W2312015575","https://openalex.org/W4236448544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4239218400","https://openalex.org/W1533099605","https://openalex.org/W374864504","https://openalex.org/W36472763","https://openalex.org/W2074187959","https://openalex.org/W2951969936","https://openalex.org/W986259259","https://openalex.org/W4232319920","https://openalex.org/W1603924733","https://openalex.org/W4415448850"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Decision":[0,34],"making":[1,107,171],"is":[2,22,81,114,135],"one":[3],"of":[4,9,20,28,58,85,119,126,145,156,169,179],"the":[5,72,127,146,161],"basic":[6],"cognitive":[7,43,95,105,148,167,184],"processes":[8],"human":[10],"behaviors":[11],"by":[12],"which":[13,113],"a":[14,18,26,83,86,93,103,117,142,176],"preferred":[15],"option":[16],"or":[17],"course":[19],"actions":[21],"chosen":[23],"from":[24,64],"among":[25],"set":[27],"alternatives":[29],"based":[30,121],"on":[31],"certain":[32],"criteria.":[33],"theories":[35],"are":[36,139],"widely":[37],"applied":[38,174],"in":[39,130,160,175],"many":[40],"disciplines":[41],"encompassing":[42],"informatics,":[44,185],"computer":[45],"science,":[46,48,53],"management":[47],"economics,":[49],"sociology,":[50],"psychology,":[51],"political":[52],"and":[54,67,76,88,92,109,191],"statistics.":[55],"A":[56,123],"number":[57],"decision":[59,90,98,106,128,157,164,170,192],"strategies":[60,158],"have":[61],"been":[62],"proposed":[63],"different":[65],"angles":[66],"applica-tion":[68],"domains":[69],"such":[70,182],"as":[71,116,141,183],"maximum":[73],"expected":[74],"utility":[75],"Bayesian":[77],"method.":[78],"However,":[79],"there":[80],"still":[82],"lack":[84],"fundamental":[87,104,147],"mathematical":[89,111],"model":[91],"rigorous":[94,124],"process":[96,108,129,132,168],"for":[97],"making.":[99],"This":[100],"article":[101],"presents":[102],"its":[110],"model,":[112],"described":[115,163],"sequence":[118],"Cartesian-product":[120],"selections.":[122],"description":[125],"real-time":[131],"algebra":[133],"(RTPA)":[134],"provided.":[136],"Real-world":[137],"decisions":[138],"perceived":[140],"repetitive":[143],"application":[144],"process.":[149,165],"The":[150,166],"result":[151],"shows":[152],"that":[153],"all":[154],"categories":[155],"fit":[159],"formally":[162],"may":[172],"be":[173],"wide":[177],"range":[178],"decision-based":[180],"systems":[181],"software":[186],"agent":[187],"systems,":[188,190],"expert":[189],"support":[193],"systems.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
