{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2027410409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.23275","title":"The effect of ball milling time and rotational speed on ultra high molecular weight polyethylene reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes","display_name":"The effect of ball milling time and rotational speed on ultra high molecular weight polyethylene reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2027410409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.23275","mag":"2027410409"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/pc.23275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.23275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.23275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156806727","display_name":"Polymer Composites","issn_l":"0272-8397","issn":["0272-8397","1548-0569"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymer Composites","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086157686","display_name":"Evelina Enqvist","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evelina Enqvist","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Machine Elements, Biotribology Research Group Lule\u00e5 University of Technology Lule\u00e5 Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Machine Elements, Biotribology Research Group Lule\u00e5 University of Technology Lule\u00e5 Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073205199","display_name":"Dmitrij Ramanenka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-8543","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-8543"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmitrij Ramanenka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Machine Elements, Biotribology Research Group Lule\u00e5 University of Technology Lule\u00e5 Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Machine Elements, Biotribology Research Group Lule\u00e5 University of Technology Lule\u00e5 Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070097429","display_name":"Paula A. A. P. Marques","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7498-452X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7498-452X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60858718","display_name":"University of Aveiro","ror":"https://ror.org/00nt41z93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paula A.A.P. Marques","raw_affiliation_strings":["TEMA\u2014NRD, Mechanical Engineering Department, Aveiro Institute of Nanotechnology (AIN) University of Aveiro 3810\u2010193 Aveiro Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TEMA\u2014NRD, Mechanical Engineering Department, Aveiro Institute of Nanotechnology (AIN) University of Aveiro 3810\u2010193 Aveiro Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075261294","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Joaquim de Almeida Gracio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0343-4387","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0343-4387"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60858718","display_name":"University of Aveiro","ror":"https://ror.org/00nt41z93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Gracio","raw_affiliation_strings":["TEMA\u2014NRD, Mechanical Engineering Department, Aveiro Institute of Nanotechnology (AIN) University of Aveiro 3810\u2010193 Aveiro Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TEMA\u2014NRD, Mechanical Engineering Department, Aveiro Institute of Nanotechnology (AIN) University of Aveiro 3810\u2010193 Aveiro Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062977092","display_name":"Nazanin Emami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8676-8819","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8676-8819"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nazanin Emami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Machine Elements, Biotribology Research Group Lule\u00e5 University of Technology Lule\u00e5 Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Machine Elements, Biotribology Research Group Lule\u00e5 University of Technology Lule\u00e5 Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062977092"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"],"apc_list":{"value":4480,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4480},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7931,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66830013,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"4","first_page":"1128","last_page":"1136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10074","display_name":"Carbon Nanotubes in Composites","score":0.8300999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10074","display_name":"Carbon Nanotubes in Composites","score":0.8300999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12362","display_name":"Tribology and Wear Analysis","score":0.12919999659061432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10501","display_name":"Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties","score":0.01510000042617321,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene","display_name":"ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-walled-carbon-nanotubes","display_name":"multi-walled carbon nanotubes","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-nanocomposites","display_name":"polymer nanocomposites","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planetary-ball-milling","display_name":"planetary ball milling","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ball-milling-time","display_name":"ball milling time","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotational-speed","display_name":"rotational speed","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filler-dispersion","display_name":"filler dispersion","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensile-properties","display_name":"tensile properties","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wear-resistance","display_name":"wear resistance","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-parameters","display_name":"process parameters","score":0.5059999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.9145476818084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.8170756697654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132186339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781139","display_name":"Ball mill","level":2,"score":0.8068593144416809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.671654999256134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81063470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1256787","display_name":"Rotational speed","level":2,"score":0.6660932302474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39519442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904893","display_name":"Differential scanning calorimetry","level":2,"score":0.6604802012443542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781263970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575823","display_name":"Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene","level":3,"score":0.640113115310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779751980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143429","display_name":"Polyethylene","level":2,"score":0.5954208374023438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.5678458213806152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513720949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778729","display_name":"Carbon nanotube","level":2,"score":0.498060941696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122041747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838611","display_name":"Ball (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.440075159072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138777275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884054","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42640042304992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.42370834946632385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/pc.23275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.23275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.23275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156806727","display_name":"Polymer Composites","issn_l":"0272-8397","issn":["0272-8397","1548-0569"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymer Composites","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977109703","https://openalex.org/W1983281333","https://openalex.org/W1988880521","https://openalex.org/W2000490772","https://openalex.org/W2010559771","https://openalex.org/W2011660113","https://openalex.org/W2015411511","https://openalex.org/W2022027775","https://openalex.org/W2029045638","https://openalex.org/W2033051250","https://openalex.org/W2033802473","https://openalex.org/W2034441857","https://openalex.org/W2036132292","https://openalex.org/W2038941653","https://openalex.org/W2040865661","https://openalex.org/W2040957367","https://openalex.org/W2047226154","https://openalex.org/W2056373864","https://openalex.org/W2061300037","https://openalex.org/W2061358886","https://openalex.org/W2065186899","https://openalex.org/W2075303232","https://openalex.org/W2083206711","https://openalex.org/W2083236461","https://openalex.org/W2084395428","https://openalex.org/W2093199703","https://openalex.org/W2122607984","https://openalex.org/W2144712928","https://openalex.org/W2148047552","https://openalex.org/W2325352798","https://openalex.org/W4253231601"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084395428","https://openalex.org/W2787265697","https://openalex.org/W2110341483","https://openalex.org/W2693544508","https://openalex.org/W4365150282","https://openalex.org/W2075303232","https://openalex.org/W1968530636","https://openalex.org/W2065937911","https://openalex.org/W2999310033","https://openalex.org/W3002139471"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ultra":[0],"high":[1],"molecular":[2],"weight":[3],"polyethylene":[4],"(UHMWPE)":[5],"composites":[6,87],"reinforced":[7],"with":[8,29,118,126],"multiwalled":[9],"carbon":[10],"nanotubes":[11],"(MWCNT)":[12],"were":[13,124],"produced":[14],"using":[15,148],"planetary":[16,149],"ball":[17,50,108,150],"milling.":[18,151],"The":[19,40,133],"aim":[20],"was":[21,60],"to":[22,33],"develop":[23],"a":[24,81,90,155,173],"more":[25],"wear":[26],"resistant":[27],"composite":[28,59],"improved":[30],"mechanical":[31],"properties":[32],"be":[34],"used":[35],"in":[36,179],"stress":[37],"bearing":[38],"joints.":[39],"effect":[41,48,96],"of":[42,49,97,102,107,162,176,189],"manufacturing":[43],"parameters":[44],"such":[45],"as":[46,80],"the":[47,57,95,159,170,177,180],"milling":[51,79,103],"time":[52,142],"and":[53,74,105,120,130],"rotational":[54,99,128,137],"speed":[55,129,138],"on":[56],"final":[58],"analyzed":[61],"by":[62],"scanning":[63,68],"electron":[64],"microscopy":[65],"(SEM),":[66],"differential":[67],"calorimetry":[69],"(DSC),":[70],"particle":[71],"size":[72],"distribution,":[73],"contact":[75],"angle":[76],"measurements.":[77],"Ball":[78],"mixing":[82,131,141],"technique":[83],"for":[84,115,145,158,172],"UHMWPE":[85],"based":[86],"is":[88,143,169],"not":[89,111],"new":[91],"approach":[92],"but":[93],"yet,":[94],"time,":[98],"speed,":[100],"loading":[101],"jar,":[104],"type":[106],"mill":[109],"has":[110],"been":[112],"reported":[113],"properly":[114],"UHMWPE.":[116],"Composites":[117],"0.5":[119],"1.0":[121],"wt%":[122,164],"UHMWPE/MWCNTs":[123],"manufactured":[125],"different":[127],"times.":[132],"results":[134],"indicate":[135],"that":[136,166],"rather":[139],"than":[140],"important":[144],"dispersing":[146],"MWCNTs":[147],"Tensile":[152],"test":[153],"showed":[154],"slight":[156],"decrease":[157],"MWCNT":[160],"concentration":[161],"1":[163],"suggesting":[165],"this":[167],"amount":[168],"threshold":[171],"satisfactory":[174],"distribution":[175],"fillers":[178],"matrix.":[181],"POLYM.":[182],"COMPOS.":[183],"37:1128\u20131136,":[184],"2016.":[185],"\u00a9":[186],"2014":[187],"Society":[188],"Plastics":[190],"Engineers":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}