{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2026945321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.815","title":"Surveillance for arboviruses in ticks sampled from wildlife in Ijara District, Kenya","display_name":"Surveillance for arboviruses in ticks sampled from wildlife in Ijara District, Kenya","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2026945321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.815","mag":"2026945321"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35071406","display_name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1201-9712","issn":["1201-9712","1878-3511"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.815","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078796336","display_name":"Olivia Wesula Lwande","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-8756","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-8756","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9088-5388"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168685008","display_name":"International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qegss47","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168685008"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"O.W. Lwande","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168685008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084533771","display_name":"Marietjie Venter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-824X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-824X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Venter","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022426042","display_name":"Vincent Obanda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2587-5359","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2587-5359"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146161461","display_name":"Kenya Wildlife Service","ror":"https://ror.org/01w9cfb64","country_code":"KE","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146161461"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Obanda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146161461"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025911275","display_name":"Francis Gakuya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7245-746X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7245-746X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146161461","display_name":"Kenya Wildlife Service","ror":"https://ror.org/01w9cfb64","country_code":"KE","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146161461"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Gakuya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146161461"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014763475","display_name":"Rosemary C. Sang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4875-8385","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4875-8385"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168685008","display_name":"International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qegss47","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168685008"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Sang","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168685008"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078796336"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168685008"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11219693,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"189","last_page":"190"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12047","display_name":"Viral Infections and Vectors","score":0.5458999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12047","display_name":"Viral Infections and Vectors","score":0.5458999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10296","display_name":"Vector-borne infectious diseases","score":0.3781999945640564,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10166","display_name":"Mosquito-borne diseases and control","score":0.06809999793767929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arboviruses","display_name":"arboviruses","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tick-borne-viruses","display_name":"tick-borne viruses","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ticks","display_name":"ticks","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wildlife-reservoirs","display_name":"wildlife reservoirs","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warthog","display_name":"warthog","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phacochoerus","display_name":"Phacochoerus","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amblyomma-gemma","display_name":"Amblyomma gemma","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhipicephalus-pulchellus","display_name":"Rhipicephalus pulchellus","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/west-nile-virus","display_name":"West Nile virus","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bunyamwera-virus","display_name":"Bunyamwera virus","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semliki-forest-virus","display_name":"Semliki Forest virus","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thogoto-virus","display_name":"Thogoto virus","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-prevalence","display_name":"viral prevalence","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tick-borne-disease-transmission","display_name":"tick-borne transmission","score":0.5400000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8336144685745239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779620486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10304508","display_name":"Tick","level":2,"score":0.6283443570137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.4571286737918854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776070282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381330","display_name":"Phlebovirus","level":4,"score":0.4251364469528198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.36693793535232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.32416248321533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.26141470670700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779271554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29000551","display_name":"Bunyaviridae","level":3,"score":0.20145168900489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35071406","display_name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1201-9712","issn":["1201-9712","1878-3511"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ef06677537fb438cbdb0ee4c576d1cde","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ef06677537fb438cbdb0ee4c576d1cde","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol 21, Iss S1, Pp 189-190 (2014)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35071406","display_name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1201-9712","issn":["1201-9712","1878-3511"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7246000170707703,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2482148505","https://openalex.org/W7097809719","https://openalex.org/W2159209336","https://openalex.org/W2095687157","https://openalex.org/W1972528372","https://openalex.org/W2116077380","https://openalex.org/W3178858490","https://openalex.org/W3021954060","https://openalex.org/W3213134115","https://openalex.org/W2412625072"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Tick-borne":[1],"viruses":[2,259],"cause":[3],"significant":[4,247],"morbidity,":[5],"economic":[6],"loss":[7],"and":[8,13,29,56,98,116,134,153,165,192,199,224,239,255],"mortality":[9],"to":[10,47,118],"both":[11],"human":[12],"animals":[14],"in":[15,107,183,221,251,262,272],"the":[16,45,64,203,252],"world.":[17],"Tick":[18],"vectors":[19],"have":[20],"been":[21],"implicated":[22],"as":[23,36,264,266],"important":[24],"routes":[25],"for":[26,219,249],"virus":[27,131,170,235],"transmission":[28,223,257],"dissemination":[30],"where":[31],"one":[32],"host":[33,51],"may":[34],"act":[35],"a":[37,48,128,229,246],"reservoir":[38],"of":[39,80,110,130,178,232,258],"infection,":[40],"pass":[41],"this":[42],"infection":[43],"via":[44],"tick":[46,139],"more":[49],"vulnerable":[50],"which":[52],"then":[53],"suffers":[54],"disease":[55],"reduced":[57],"survival.":[58],"This":[59,226],"study":[60,227],"aimed":[61],"at":[62],"determining":[63],"prevalence":[65,177],"ofarboviruses":[66],"among":[67],"ticks":[68,82,104,113,180,210,250,263],"sampled":[69,84,103,141,211],"from":[70,85,189,209,212],"wildlife":[71],"inIjara":[72],"district,":[73],"Kenya.":[74],"Methods":[75],"&":[76],"Materials:":[77],"A":[78],"total":[79],"504":[81],"were":[83,105,172,186,207],"wildlife:":[86],"warthogs":[87,193,220],"(Phacochoerus":[88],"delamerei),":[89],"lesser":[90],"Kudu":[91],"(Ammelaphus":[92],"imberbis),":[93],"common":[94],"zebra":[95],"(Equus":[96],"quagga)":[97],"giraffe":[99,190],"(Giraffa":[100],"camelopardalis).":[101],"The":[102,138,175],"processed":[106],"151":[108],"pools":[109],"upto":[111],"8":[112],"per":[114],"pool":[115],"classified":[117],"species":[119,140],"using":[120],"morphological":[121],"keys.":[122],"Virus":[123],"screening":[124],"was":[125,181],"performed":[126],"by":[127],"combination":[129],"isolation,":[132],"RT-PCR":[133],"amplicon":[135],"sequencing.":[136],"Results:":[137],"included:":[142],"Rhipicephalus":[143],"pulchellus,":[144],"Hyalomma":[145],"truncatum,":[146],"Amblyomma":[147,149,151],"gemma,":[148],"lepidum,":[150],"hebraem":[152],"Boophilus":[154],"annulatus.":[155],"Bunyamwera-":[156],"(2),":[157,162],"Ndumu-":[158],"(1),":[159,164],"Semliki":[160,196],"forest-":[161],"Thogoto-":[163],"West":[166,200,233],"Nile":[167,234],"(WNV)-":[168],"(2)":[169],"strains":[171],"identified.":[173],"Conclusion:":[174],"highest":[176],"virus-positive":[179],"recorded":[182],"warthogs.":[184],"Viruses":[185],"only":[187],"isolated":[188,208],"(Bunyamwera)":[191],"(Bunyamwera,":[194],"Ndumu,":[195],"forest,":[197],"Thogoto":[198],"Nile).":[201],"While":[202],"two":[204],"WNV":[205,222],"isolates":[206],"warthogs,":[213],"there":[214],"is":[215],"no":[216],"documented":[217],"role":[218,248],"maintenance.":[225],"constitutes":[228],"new":[230],"association":[231],"with":[236,270],"A.":[237],"gemma":[238],"Rh.":[240],"pulchellus":[241],"ticks.":[242],"These":[243],"findings":[244],"suggest":[245],"maintenance,":[253],"spread":[254],"possible":[256],"commonly":[260],"detected":[261],"well":[265],"those":[267],"normally":[268],"associated":[269],"mosquitoes":[271],"Africa.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
