{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2026907654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.322050","title":"Ring-toric optics in optical data storage applications","display_name":"Ring-toric optics in optical data storage applications","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2026907654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.322050","mag":"2026907654"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.322050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.322050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.322050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Daniel I. Simon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel I. Simon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optical Sciences Ctr./Univ. of Arizona (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optical Sciences Ctr./Univ. of Arizona (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011861267","display_name":"Michael R. Descour","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael R. Descour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optical Sciences Ctr./Univ. of Arizona (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optical Sciences Ctr./Univ. of Arizona (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045447057","display_name":"Wei-Hung Yei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Hung Yei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optical Sciences Ctr./Univ. of Arizona (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optical Sciences Ctr./Univ. of Arizona (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23536994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3482","issue":null,"first_page":"466","last_page":"466"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11517","display_name":"Advanced optical system design","score":0.29589998722076416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11517","display_name":"Advanced optical system design","score":0.29589998722076416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.15119999647140503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.07169999927282333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffractive-optics","display_name":"diffractive optics","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-data-storage","display_name":"optical data storage","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus-error-signal","display_name":"focus error signal","score":0.8840000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351438","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.642120897769928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5966479778289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5907233953475952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14737013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319657","display_name":"Photomask","level":4,"score":0.5261294841766357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.5249773859977722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5054256916046143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4881385266780853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.33905696868896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24211081862449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53524968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315582","display_name":"Resist","level":3,"score":0.08460277318954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.07566571235656738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0699678361415863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.06477609276771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.322050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.322050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.322050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090523939","https://openalex.org/W4320929843","https://openalex.org/W2059285278","https://openalex.org/W750220224","https://openalex.org/W2025307295","https://openalex.org/W1972230144","https://openalex.org/W3009037013","https://openalex.org/W1658618877","https://openalex.org/W2015471051","https://openalex.org/W6989473695"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,10,21,34,68],"review":[1],"the":[2,7,38,50,63],"relatively":[3],"short":[4],"history":[5],"of":[6,43,73,77],"ring-toric":[8,12,32,51],"lenslet.":[9],"discuss":[11],"lenslet":[13],"design":[14],"and":[15,65],"elements":[16],"that":[17,37],"we":[18,88],"have":[19,35],"fabricated.":[20],"illustrate":[22],"how":[23],"a":[24,31,41,90,95],"focus-error":[25],"signal":[26],"(FES)":[27],"is":[28,47,83],"measured":[29,69],"with":[30],"lens.":[33],"found":[36],"FES":[39,71,81],"slope.":[40],"measure":[42],"sensitivity":[44],"to":[45],"defocus,":[46],"higher":[48],"for":[49,58],"lenslets":[52],"described":[53],"in":[54,94],"this":[55],"paper":[56],"than":[57],"other":[59],"techniques,":[60],"such":[61],"as":[62],"astigmatic":[64],"obscuration":[66],"methods.":[67],"an":[70],"slope":[72,82],"0.63":[74],"per":[75],"micron":[76],"defocus.":[78],"The":[79],"theoretical":[80],"1.4":[84],"micrometers":[85],"-1.":[86],"Finally,":[87],"describe":[89],"multi-level":[91],"DOE":[92],"fabricated":[93],"single":[96],"etch":[97],"using":[98],"grayscale-photomask":[99],"technology.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}