{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2026613445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-21-3-543","title":"California\u2019s Tobacco Tax Initiative: The Development and Passage of Proposition 99","display_name":"California\u2019s Tobacco Tax Initiative: The Development and Passage of Proposition 99","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2026613445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-21-3-543","mag":"2026613445","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8784688"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1215/03616878-21-3-543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-21-3-543","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-21-3-543","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192655146","display_name":"Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law","issn_l":"0361-6878","issn":["0361-6878","1527-1927"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315698","host_organization_name":"Duke University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315698","https://openalex.org/P4310315572"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duke University Press","Duke University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michael P. Traynor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael P. Traynor","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071441523","display_name":"Stanton A. Glantz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4620-6672","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4620-6672"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanton A. Glantz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.4213,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98571797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"543","last_page":"585"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12816","display_name":"Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology","score":0.6050000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12816","display_name":"Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology","score":0.6050000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.3693999946117401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12041","display_name":"Public Health Policies and Education","score":0.019500000402331352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-taxation","display_name":"tobacco taxation","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ballot-initiatives","display_name":"ballot initiatives","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-control","display_name":"tobacco control","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-promotion","display_name":"health promotion","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-industry-opposition","display_name":"tobacco industry opposition","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-campaigns","display_name":"public health campaigns","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-organizations","display_name":"medical organizations","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-tobacco-use","display_name":"youth tobacco use","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/california","display_name":"California","score":0.628000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777152325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108163","display_name":"Proposition","level":2,"score":0.6330866813659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780832096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005010","display_name":"Tobacco control","level":3,"score":0.43257153034210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.42280113697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4163706302642822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.21092373132705688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.072577565908432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.05813676118850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.04635649919509888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002140","descriptor_name":"California","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006293","descriptor_name":"Health Promotion","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006293","descriptor_name":"Health Promotion","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010947","descriptor_name":"Plants, Toxic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011057","descriptor_name":"Politics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011322","descriptor_name":"Primary Prevention","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011322","descriptor_name":"Primary Prevention","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011634","descriptor_name":"Public Health","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013660","descriptor_name":"Taxes","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014026","descriptor_name":"Nicotiana","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1215/03616878-21-3-543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-21-3-543","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-21-3-543","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192655146","display_name":"Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law","issn_l":"0361-6878","issn":["0361-6878","1527-1927"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315698","host_organization_name":"Duke University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315698","https://openalex.org/P4310315572"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duke University Press","Duke University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8784688","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8784688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of health politics, policy and law","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.504800021648407,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2580972915","display_name":"Effect of Tobacco Advocacy at the State Level","funder_award_id":"R01CA061021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003009948","https://openalex.org/W2015096212","https://openalex.org/W2036184698","https://openalex.org/W2037927976","https://openalex.org/W2045657564","https://openalex.org/W2055819887","https://openalex.org/W2078006309","https://openalex.org/W2090022456","https://openalex.org/W2104596360","https://openalex.org/W4254988107","https://openalex.org/W6786770426"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027660988","https://openalex.org/W2126525863","https://openalex.org/W2022365503","https://openalex.org/W1971357510","https://openalex.org/W1601437607","https://openalex.org/W81571343","https://openalex.org/W3202767127","https://openalex.org/W2015096212","https://openalex.org/W2172036849","https://openalex.org/W4254988107"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"case":[2],"study,":[3],"we":[4],"describe":[5],"and":[6,10,22,42,73,93,160,163,194,237,251,260,286,320],"analyze":[7],"the":[8,19,51,62,100,104,113,126,144,147,150,167,184,191,219,238,258,266,271,310,313,328],"development":[9,259],"passage":[11,173,200,261,331],"of":[12,26,61,64,67,128,166,174,243,262,281,315],"California's":[13],"tobacco":[14,159,168,185,192,205,244,284,298,317],"tax":[15,101,245,299],"initiative,":[16],"Proposition":[17,52,55,120,175,226,263,282,296],"99,":[18,121,176,264],"Tobacco":[20],"Tax":[21],"Health":[23],"Promotion":[24],"Act":[25],"1988.":[27],"We":[28],"gathered":[29],"information":[30],"from":[31,46,106,146],"published":[32],"reports,":[33],"public":[34,122,156,195],"documents,":[35],"personal":[36],"correspondence,":[37],"internal":[38],"memorandums,":[39],"polling":[40],"data,":[41],"interviews":[43],"with":[44],"representatives":[45],"organizations":[47,130,276],"that":[48,115],"participated":[49],"in":[50,131,190,201,207,312],"99":[53,56,227,283],"campaign.":[54],"passed":[57],"as":[58,230],"a":[59,65,78,91,95,178,188,224,231,254],"result":[60],"efforts":[63],"coalition":[66,114],"voluntary":[68],"health":[69,123,196,249],"agencies,":[70],"medical":[71,129,140,275,290],"organizations,":[72],"environmental":[74],"groups.":[75],"They":[76],"organized":[77],"long-term":[79],"effort":[80],"by":[81,102,183,210,332],"conducting":[82],"essential":[83],"polling,":[84],"planning":[85],"strategies,":[86],"gaining":[87],"media":[88],"exposure,":[89],"developing":[90],"coalition,":[92],"running":[94],"successful":[96],"campaign":[97,180],"to":[98,108,118,136,139,149,248,270,289,294,304,308,324,326],"enact":[99,295],"shifting":[103,143],"venue":[105,145,267],"legislative":[107],"initiative":[109,311],"politics.":[110],"To":[111],"build":[112],"was":[116,253],"needed":[117],"pass":[119,309],"proponents":[124],"enlisted":[125],"help":[127],"exchange":[132],"for":[133,161,234,273],"additional":[134],"revenue":[135],"be":[137,302],"allocated":[138],"services.":[141,291],"By":[142],"legislature":[148,272],"general":[151],"public,":[152],"advocates":[153],"capitalized":[154],"on":[155],"concern":[157],"about":[158],"youth":[162],"took":[164],"advantage":[165],"industry's":[169],"low":[170],"credibility.":[171],"The":[172],"despite":[177],"massive":[179],"against":[181],"it":[182],"industry,":[186],"represents":[187],"milestone":[189],"control":[193,285],"fields.":[197],"From":[198],"its":[199],"1988":[202],"through":[203],"1993,":[204],"use":[206],"California":[208],"declined":[209],"27":[211],"percent,":[212],"which":[213],"is":[214],"three":[215],"times":[216],"faster":[217],"than":[218],"United":[220],"States":[221],"average.":[222],"As":[223],"result,":[225],"has":[228],"served":[229],"national":[232],"model":[233],"other":[235],"states":[236],"federal":[239],"government.":[240],"Although":[241],"allocation":[242],"revenues":[246],"specifically":[247],"education":[250],"prevention":[252],"primary":[255],"goal":[256],"during":[257],"when":[265],"shifted":[268],"back":[269],"implementation,":[274],"successfully":[277],"advocated":[278],"illegal":[279],"diversions":[280],"research":[287],"funds":[288],"Organizations":[292],"seeking":[293],"99-like":[297],"increases":[300],"must":[301,322],"prepared":[303],"mount":[305],"aggressive":[306],"campaigns":[307],"face":[314],"major":[316],"industry":[318],"opposition":[319],"then":[321],"continue":[323],"work":[325],"protect":[327],"program":[329],"after":[330],"voters.":[333]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}