{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2026043630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1056808.1056923","title":"Proposing new metrics to evaluate web usability for the blind","display_name":"Proposing new metrics to evaluate web usability for the blind","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2026043630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1056808.1056923","mag":"2026043630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1056808.1056923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1056808.1056923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1056808.1056923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407088584","display_name":"CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109863333","display_name":"Kentarou Fukuda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145865","display_name":"IBM Research - Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/04915qk43","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210145865"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405264400","display_name":"IBM Japan, Ltd. (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01t8cbh24","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405264400"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kentarou Fukuda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Research Laboratory, IBM Japan, Kanagawaken, Japan","Tokyo Research Laboratory, IBM Japan, Kanagawaken, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Research Laboratory, IBM Japan, Kanagawaken, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145865","https://openalex.org/I4405264400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Research Laboratory, IBM Japan, Kanagawaken, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145865","https://openalex.org/I4405264400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014352220","display_name":"Shin Saito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2931-4260","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2931-4260"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145865","display_name":"IBM Research - Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/04915qk43","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210145865"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405264400","display_name":"IBM Japan, Ltd. (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01t8cbh24","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405264400"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shin Saito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Research Laboratory, IBM Japan, Kanagawaken, Japan","Tokyo Research Laboratory, IBM Japan, Kanagawaken, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Research Laboratory, IBM Japan, Kanagawaken, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145865","https://openalex.org/I4405264400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Research Laboratory, IBM Japan, Kanagawaken, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145865","https://openalex.org/I4405264400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026409015","display_name":"Hironobu Takagi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3087-3251","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3087-3251"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145865","display_name":"IBM Research - Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/04915qk43","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210145865"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405264400","display_name":"IBM Japan, Ltd. (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01t8cbh24","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405264400"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hironobu Takagi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Research Laboratory, IBM Japan, Kanagawaken, Japan","Tokyo Research Laboratory, IBM Japan, Kanagawaken, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Research Laboratory, IBM Japan, Kanagawaken, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145865","https://openalex.org/I4405264400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Research Laboratory, IBM Japan, Kanagawaken, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145865","https://openalex.org/I4405264400"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091550931","display_name":"Chieko Asakawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-1305","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-1305"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145865","display_name":"IBM Research - Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/04915qk43","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210145865"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405264400","display_name":"IBM Japan, Ltd. (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01t8cbh24","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405264400"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chieko Asakawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Research Laboratory, IBM Japan, Kanagawaken, Japan","Tokyo Research Laboratory, IBM Japan, Kanagawaken, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Research Laboratory, IBM Japan, Kanagawaken, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145865","https://openalex.org/I4405264400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Research Laboratory, IBM Japan, Kanagawaken, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145865","https://openalex.org/I4405264400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.0721,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99638989,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1387","last_page":"1390"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12207","display_name":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-accessibility","display_name":"web accessibility","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blind-users","display_name":"blind users","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability-metrics","display_name":"usability metrics","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/navigability","display_name":"navigability","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-text","display_name":"alternative text","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/page-structure","display_name":"page structure","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heading","display_name":"heading","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accessibility-evaluation-tools","display_name":"accessibility evaluation tools","score":0.47699999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.8447309732437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8058523535728455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4237393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1636686","display_name":"Web usability","level":3,"score":0.4697725176811218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100302975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642623","display_name":"Usability engineering","level":3,"score":0.4457356929779053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4052843749523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.38641834259033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.32908695936203003}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1056808.1056923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1056808.1056923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1056808.1056923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407088584","display_name":"CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4000000059604645}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8700000047683716}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542756834","https://openalex.org/W1982189652","https://openalex.org/W2008632927","https://openalex.org/W2023651435","https://openalex.org/W2083627686","https://openalex.org/W2122086994","https://openalex.org/W2183190545","https://openalex.org/W2221727122"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098612222","https://openalex.org/W2086397761","https://openalex.org/W2594492623","https://openalex.org/W2094796321","https://openalex.org/W1533332586","https://openalex.org/W7065583492","https://openalex.org/W63682093","https://openalex.org/W2011824592","https://openalex.org/W2120668641","https://openalex.org/W2125440472"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accessibility-related":[0],"regulations":[1],"and":[2,19,109],"guidelines":[3],"are":[4,14,40,74],"contributing":[5],"to":[6,81,97],"the":[7,43,52,83,116,131,141],"steady":[8],"improvement":[9],"of":[10,37,101,144],"Web":[11,23,38,57,117,145],"accessibility.":[12],"There":[13],"various":[15],"accessibility":[16],"evaluation":[17,44],"tools,":[18],"they":[20],"also":[21],"help":[22],"authors":[24],"make":[25],"their":[26],"pages":[27,39,58],"compliant":[28,41],"with":[29,42],"guidelines.":[30],"As":[31],"a":[32],"result,":[33],"an":[34],"increasing":[35],"number":[36],"tools.":[45],"These":[46],"days,":[47],"however,":[48],"blind":[49,79,93,148],"people":[50,80],"face":[51],"serious":[53],"problem":[54],"that":[55],"reading":[56],"is":[59,119],"quite":[60],"difficult.":[61],"Improvements":[62],"in":[63],"information":[64],"density":[65],"by":[66,120],"using":[67,121,136],"visual":[68],"effects":[69],"such":[70],"as":[71],"two-dimensional":[72],"layouts":[73],"making":[75],"it":[76],"difficult":[77],"for":[78,147],"understand":[82],"page":[84],"structure.":[85],"Also,":[86],"inappropriate":[87],"alternative":[88,132],"texts":[89,133],"mislead":[90],"or":[91],"confuse":[92],"users.In":[94],"this":[95],"paper,":[96],"evaluate":[98],"these":[99,137],"kinds":[100],"usability":[102,146],"problems,":[103],"we":[104,139],"introduce":[105],"two":[106],"metrics:":[107],"navigability":[108],"listenability.":[110],"Navigability":[111],"evaluates":[112],"how":[113,129],"well":[114],"structured":[115],"content":[118],"headings,":[122],"intra-page":[123],"links,":[124],"labels,":[125],"etc.":[126],"Listenability":[127],"denotes":[128],"appropriate":[130],"are.":[134],"By":[135],"metrics,":[138],"summarize":[140],"historical":[142],"transition":[143],"people.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-06T10:28:23.643775","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
