{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2026028987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2735","title":"How are TH2-type immune responses initiated and amplified?","display_name":"How are TH2-type immune responses initiated and amplified?","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2026028987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2735","mag":"2026028987","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20336151","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3496776"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/nri2735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2735","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2735","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93373720","display_name":"Nature reviews. Immunology","issn_l":"1474-1733","issn":["1474-1733","1474-1741"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3496776","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110180932","display_name":"William E. Paul","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William E. Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. wpaul@niaid.nih.gov","Laboratory of Immunology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. wpaul@niaid.nih.gov","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Immunology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082435601","display_name":"Jinfang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-4745","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-4745"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinfang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA","Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.69,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":957,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98518957,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"4","first_page":"225","last_page":"235"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12528","display_name":"IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways","score":0.5795999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12528","display_name":"IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways","score":0.5795999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.22390000522136688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.14219999313354492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/th2-cells","display_name":"Th2 cells","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-helper-cell-differentiation","display_name":"T helper cell differentiation","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/helminth-infection","display_name":"helminthiasis","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allergic-inflammation","display_name":"allergic inflammation","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma","display_name":"asthma","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd4-t-cells","display_name":"CD4+ T cells","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epithelial-cell-activation","display_name":"epithelial cell activation","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basophils","display_name":"basophils","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dendritic-cells","display_name":"dendritic cells","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-4","display_name":"IL-4","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-25","display_name":"IL-25","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-33","display_name":"IL-33","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thymic-stromal-lymphopoietin","display_name":"thymic stromal lymphopoietin","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokines","display_name":"cytokines","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-response-initiation","display_name":"immune response initiation","score":0.6340000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778070265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18048067","display_name":"Thymic stromal lymphopoietin","level":3,"score":0.9261981248855591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.7569270730018616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.6580699682235718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6402515172958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193419808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1645075","display_name":"Acquired immune system","level":3,"score":0.5545276999473572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.49327200651168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191732599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14865947","display_name":"Interleukin 4","level":3,"score":0.47488993406295776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.4359331727027893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.41278257966041565}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002454","descriptor_name":"Cell Differentiation","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008213","descriptor_name":"Lymphocyte Activation","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018418","descriptor_name":"Th2 Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018418","descriptor_name":"Th2 Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056704","descriptor_name":"Adaptive Immunity","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/nri2735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2735","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2735","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93373720","display_name":"Nature reviews. Immunology","issn_l":"1474-1733","issn":["1474-1733","1474-1741"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20336151","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20336151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature reviews. Immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2495243","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3496776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3496776","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3496776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nat Rev Immunol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2495243","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3496776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1131849258","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Y99 AI999999","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8838525055","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z99 AI999999","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338421","display_name":"NHLBI Division of Intramural Research","ror":"https://ror.org/023ny1p48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":118,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494282279","https://openalex.org/W1498671792","https://openalex.org/W1500581281","https://openalex.org/W1506430118","https://openalex.org/W1507248048","https://openalex.org/W1528831675","https://openalex.org/W1543271400","https://openalex.org/W1566992315","https://openalex.org/W1575966267","https://openalex.org/W1602470456","https://openalex.org/W1625157530","https://openalex.org/W1634158134","https://openalex.org/W1785508065","https://openalex.org/W1823764983","https://openalex.org/W1831711338","https://openalex.org/W1845629018","https://openalex.org/W1875468340","https://openalex.org/W1897323729","https://openalex.org/W1926875153","https://openalex.org/W1944675847","https://openalex.org/W1950874980","https://openalex.org/W1965734808","https://openalex.org/W1968204922","https://openalex.org/W1968955229","https://openalex.org/W1970304238","https://openalex.org/W1971888466","https://openalex.org/W1973548013","https://openalex.org/W1975438745","https://openalex.org/W1977655229","https://openalex.org/W1977701102","https://openalex.org/W1980000158","https://openalex.org/W1981309200","https://openalex.org/W1993426597","https://openalex.org/W2002204067","https://openalex.org/W2002892444","https://openalex.org/W2004490702","https://openalex.org/W2007359758","https://openalex.org/W2008996473","https://openalex.org/W2013495037","https://openalex.org/W2027378848","https://openalex.org/W2027699993","https://openalex.org/W2029104932","https://openalex.org/W2038136978","https://openalex.org/W2038894130","https://openalex.org/W2041607290","https://openalex.org/W2042784167","https://openalex.org/W2046541508","https://openalex.org/W2047882259","https://openalex.org/W2050604953","https://openalex.org/W2068870295","https://openalex.org/W2070990855","https://openalex.org/W2075309032","https://openalex.org/W2077215378","https://openalex.org/W2077865652","https://openalex.org/W2086121828","https://openalex.org/W2092599690","https://openalex.org/W2100699905","https://openalex.org/W2101500685","https://openalex.org/W2101664092","https://openalex.org/W2104910525","https://openalex.org/W2105859711","https://openalex.org/W2107553722","https://openalex.org/W2109843249","https://openalex.org/W2112748508","https://openalex.org/W2114089512","https://openalex.org/W2116716017","https://openalex.org/W2117342688","https://openalex.org/W2118965097","https://openalex.org/W2121686426","https://openalex.org/W2124116262","https://openalex.org/W2126618160","https://openalex.org/W2128181270","https://openalex.org/W2128293635","https://openalex.org/W2128627731","https://openalex.org/W2129115323","https://openalex.org/W2130253814","https://openalex.org/W2132247162","https://openalex.org/W2133006186","https://openalex.org/W2133654601","https://openalex.org/W2134204376","https://openalex.org/W2134345359","https://openalex.org/W2135675677","https://openalex.org/W2135790224","https://openalex.org/W2136810169","https://openalex.org/W2137561439","https://openalex.org/W2140117437","https://openalex.org/W2140166442","https://openalex.org/W2140206763","https://openalex.org/W2140492247","https://openalex.org/W2141077451","https://openalex.org/W2141895910","https://openalex.org/W2142940006","https://openalex.org/W2144987632","https://openalex.org/W2145670501","https://openalex.org/W2148044949","https://openalex.org/W2152044788","https://openalex.org/W2152913934","https://openalex.org/W2153046868","https://openalex.org/W2154479436","https://openalex.org/W2154483825","https://openalex.org/W2155370249","https://openalex.org/W2156432160","https://openalex.org/W2157278565","https://openalex.org/W2157465673","https://openalex.org/W2157710399","https://openalex.org/W2158300165","https://openalex.org/W2158591788","https://openalex.org/W2159760583","https://openalex.org/W2160129587","https://openalex.org/W2161132784","https://openalex.org/W2161938158","https://openalex.org/W2162803006","https://openalex.org/W2168082890","https://openalex.org/W2168301435","https://openalex.org/W2171373028","https://openalex.org/W2189453901","https://openalex.org/W2461136043","https://openalex.org/W2789682581"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511973800","https://openalex.org/W2765167109","https://openalex.org/W2123829084","https://openalex.org/W3046255101","https://openalex.org/W4413210282","https://openalex.org/W1531317003","https://openalex.org/W3030429379","https://openalex.org/W1988333687","https://openalex.org/W54059947","https://openalex.org/W7095921853"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":69},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":72},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":70}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
