{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2025897769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2010.5626298","title":"Human strategies in balancing an inverted pendulum with time delay","display_name":"Human strategies in balancing an inverted pendulum with time delay","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2025897769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2010.5626298","mag":"2025897769","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21096048"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2010.5626298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2010.5626298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2010.5626298","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608786","display_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":"2375-7477","issn":["2375-7477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"M Lupu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Lupu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103248296","display_name":"Mingui Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-9205","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-9205"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134769","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04ehecz88","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingui Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA 15213, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048908616","display_name":"David Askey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156428","display_name":"Energid Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04chbxq69","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156428"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D Askey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energid Technologies Corporation, Cambridge, MA, USA","Energid Technologies Corporation, 124 Mount Auburn Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energid Technologies Corporation, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energid Technologies Corporation, 124 Mount Auburn Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056342312","display_name":"Ruiping Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5121-4680","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5121-4680"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114493937","display_name":"Creighton University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wf30g94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiping Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Therapy, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA","Department of Physical Therapy, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Therapy, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Therapy, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010117375","display_name":"Zhi\u2010Hong Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3025-463X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3025-463X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-Hong Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2537,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86537277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"hfe 7","issue":null,"first_page":"5246","last_page":"5249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9398999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9398999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11687","display_name":"Teleoperation and Haptic Systems","score":0.01940000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11081","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Design","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverted-pendulum","display_name":"inverted pendulum","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-delay","display_name":"time delay","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-performance-modeling","display_name":"human performance modeling","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-operator-behavior","display_name":"human operator behavior","score":0.3370000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192921069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550134","display_name":"Inverted pendulum","level":3,"score":0.8567676544189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.700857400894165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6613293290138245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6309865117073059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4829511046409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.4513598084449768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110639684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20702","display_name":"Pendulum","level":2,"score":0.4203895330429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.32858985662460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1848059892654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1473570168018341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.06963136792182922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06795904040336609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001519","descriptor_name":"Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004856","descriptor_name":"Postural Balance","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2010.5626298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2010.5626298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2010.5626298","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608786","display_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":"2375-7477","issn":["2375-7477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:21096048","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21096048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485186525","https://openalex.org/W1567567542","https://openalex.org/W1606030229","https://openalex.org/W1970788578","https://openalex.org/W1995662223","https://openalex.org/W2003607991","https://openalex.org/W2083777391","https://openalex.org/W2116081759","https://openalex.org/W2133408410","https://openalex.org/W2145634414","https://openalex.org/W4239281292","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2143912306","https://openalex.org/W4236962169","https://openalex.org/W2097627842","https://openalex.org/W2509027150","https://openalex.org/W2979600059","https://openalex.org/W2326924572","https://openalex.org/W2076015747","https://openalex.org/W2754607715","https://openalex.org/W2045310512","https://openalex.org/W54848269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"strategy":[1],"of":[2,41],"human":[3,33,51],"manual":[4],"control":[5],"is":[6,45],"investigated":[7],"in":[8,29],"balancing":[9],"an":[10],"inverted":[11],"pendulum":[12],"under":[13],"time-delay":[14],"constraints.":[15],"Experiments":[16],"show":[17],"that":[18],"as":[19],"the":[20,27,32,42,49],"task":[21],"becomes":[22],"more":[23,37],"difficult":[24],"due":[25],"to":[26],"increase":[28],"time":[30],"delay,":[31],"operator":[34],"adopts":[35],"a":[36,54],"discrete-like":[38],"strategy.":[39],"Interpretation":[40],"discrete-control":[43],"mechanism":[44],"provided":[46],"by":[47],"relating":[48],"observed":[50],"responses":[52],"with":[53],"human-performance":[55],"model.":[56]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}