{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2025758977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90463-0","title":"Malaria: even more chronic in nature than previously thought; evidence for subpatent parasitaemia detectable by the polymerase chain reaction","display_name":"Malaria: even more chronic in nature than previously thought; evidence for subpatent parasitaemia detectable by the polymerase chain reaction","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2025758977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90463-0","mag":"2025758977","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8730301"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90463-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90463-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90463-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129317210","display_name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issn_l":"0035-9203","issn":["0035-9203","1878-3503"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027807481","display_name":"Emmanuel Bottius","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157536573","display_name":"Institut Pasteur","ror":"https://ror.org/0495fxg12","country_code":"FR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157536573"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Bottius","raw_affiliation_strings":["Parasitologie Bio-M\u00e9dicale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Parasitologie Bio-M\u00e9dicale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157536573"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059402754","display_name":"Antonella Guanzirolli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157536573","display_name":"Institut Pasteur","ror":"https://ror.org/0495fxg12","country_code":"FR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157536573"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonella Guanzirolli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Parasitologie Bio-M\u00e9dicale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Parasitologie Bio-M\u00e9dicale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157536573"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105308404","display_name":"Jean\u2010Fran\u00e7ois Trape","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9759-8456","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9759-8456"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Trape","raw_affiliation_strings":["ORSTOM, Dakar, Senegal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORSTOM, Dakar, Senegal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109241057","display_name":"Christophe Rogier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137838","display_name":"Institut Pasteur de Dakar","ror":"https://ror.org/02ysgwq33","country_code":"SN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137838"]}],"countries":["SN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christophe Rogier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Senegal","Institut Pasteur, Dakar, S\u00e9n\u00e9gal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Senegal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Pasteur, Dakar, S\u00e9n\u00e9gal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071900599","display_name":"Lassana Konat\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0397-640X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0397-640X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Konate","raw_affiliation_strings":["ORSTOM, Dakar, Senegal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORSTOM, Dakar, Senegal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066529555","display_name":"Pierre Druilhe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157536573","display_name":"Institut Pasteur","ror":"https://ror.org/0495fxg12","country_code":"FR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157536573"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Druilhe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Parasitologie Bio-M\u00e9dicale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Parasitologie Bio-M\u00e9dicale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157536573"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2326,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3067},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.6235,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":191,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98787801,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"90","issue":"1","first_page":"15","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10091","display_name":"Malaria Research and Control","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10091","display_name":"Malaria Research and Control","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12178","display_name":"Bird parasitology and diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10554","display_name":"Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics (clinical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria","display_name":"malaria","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-malaria","display_name":"chronic malaria","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasmodium-falciparum","display_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parasite-load","display_name":"infection intensity","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/holoendemic-malaria","display_name":"holoendemic malaria","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielmo","display_name":"Dielmo","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host-defense","display_name":"host defense","score":0.6230000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778048844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12156","display_name":"Malaria","level":2,"score":0.814611554145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778371730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311383","display_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","level":3,"score":0.7404797673225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49105822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.6815975904464722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5786362886428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5681261420249939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778675580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614956","display_name":"Plasmodium (life cycle)","level":3,"score":0.5173156261444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.49151429533958435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71928629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q804206","display_name":"Parasite hosting","level":2,"score":0.48484814167022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.41438430547714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.3318306803703308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3030463457107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.1251477301120758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0874623954296112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002353","descriptor_name":"Carrier State","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002353","descriptor_name":"Carrier State","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012675","descriptor_name":"Senegal","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016133","descriptor_name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016778","descriptor_name":"Malaria, Falciparum","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016778","descriptor_name":"Malaria, Falciparum","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018512","descriptor_name":"Parasitemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018512","descriptor_name":"Parasitemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90463-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90463-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90463-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129317210","display_name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issn_l":"0035-9203","issn":["0035-9203","1878-3503"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8730301","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8730301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W190349426","https://openalex.org/W1147162224","https://openalex.org/W1488450756","https://openalex.org/W1495625963","https://openalex.org/W1591112959","https://openalex.org/W1650778837","https://openalex.org/W1940687742","https://openalex.org/W1964503554","https://openalex.org/W1970137783","https://openalex.org/W1974265672","https://openalex.org/W1977784023","https://openalex.org/W1985730220","https://openalex.org/W1991811828","https://openalex.org/W2002222959","https://openalex.org/W2012896123","https://openalex.org/W2034765826","https://openalex.org/W2036678459","https://openalex.org/W2038399745","https://openalex.org/W2043762150","https://openalex.org/W2044412955","https://openalex.org/W2056428372","https://openalex.org/W2080758753","https://openalex.org/W2081908092","https://openalex.org/W2085452251","https://openalex.org/W2092504869","https://openalex.org/W2093322612","https://openalex.org/W2115862972","https://openalex.org/W2138119111","https://openalex.org/W2139320917","https://openalex.org/W2144634347","https://openalex.org/W2276308068","https://openalex.org/W2281974450","https://openalex.org/W2407659242","https://openalex.org/W2418166743","https://openalex.org/W2418445689"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115862972","https://openalex.org/W4401568695","https://openalex.org/W7095103840","https://openalex.org/W2151423984","https://openalex.org/W2085327994","https://openalex.org/W1873010981","https://openalex.org/W4391556207","https://openalex.org/W3011153447","https://openalex.org/W4283827409","https://openalex.org/W7099428385"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"high":[1],"endemicity":[2],"areas,":[3],"malaria":[4,133],"is":[5,118,138],"a":[6,43,54,60,95,123],"chronic":[7],"disease:":[8],"examination":[9],"of":[10,18,33,56,63,66,77,85,107,116,126,128,136],"blood":[11],"films":[12],"reveals":[13],"that":[14,81,104],"up":[15],"to":[16,46,73],"half":[17],"the":[19,34,39,67,86,105,129],"population,":[20],"particularly":[21],"children,":[22],"harbour":[23,74],"parasites":[24],"at":[25,89],"any":[26,90],"one":[27,91],"given":[28],"time.":[29],"The":[30],"parasitological":[31],"status":[32],"remainder":[35],"was":[36],"addressed":[37],"using":[38],"polymerase":[40],"chain":[41],"reaction,":[42],"technique":[44],"100":[45],"1000":[47],"times":[48],"more":[49,82],"sensitive":[50],"than":[51,83],"microscopy,":[52],"on":[53],"series":[55],"samples":[57],"from":[58],"Dielmo,":[59],"holoendemic":[61],"area":[62],"Senegal.":[64],"Two-thirds":[65],"microscopically":[68],"negative":[69],"individuals":[70],"were":[71],"found":[72],"subpatent":[75],"levels":[76],"Plasmodium":[78],"falciparum,":[79],"suggesting":[80],"90%":[84],"exposed":[87],"population":[88],"time,":[92],"i.e.":[93],"in":[94],"cross-sectional":[96],"survey,":[97],"are":[98],"chronically":[99],"infected.":[100],"This":[101],"also":[102],"means":[103],"range":[106,125],"parasite":[108],"loads":[109],"harboured":[110],"by":[111],"humans":[112],"with":[113],"various":[114],"degrees":[115],"exposure":[117],"remarkably":[119],"large,":[120],"probably":[121],"reflecting":[122],"large":[124],"effectiveness":[127],"defence":[130],"mechanisms":[131],"against":[132],"parasites,":[134],"none":[135],"which":[137],"fully":[139],"efficient.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}