{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2025611237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ee01851e","title":"Monolayer platinum supported on tungsten carbides as low-cost electrocatalysts: opportunities and limitations","display_name":"Monolayer platinum supported on tungsten carbides as low-cost electrocatalysts: opportunities and limitations","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2025611237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ee01851e","mag":"2025611237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1039/c1ee01851e","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ee01851e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ee01851e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117082959","display_name":"Energy & Environmental Science","issn_l":"1754-5692","issn":["1754-5692","1754-5706"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy & Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2025611237"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073994683","display_name":"Daniel V. Esposito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0550-801X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0550-801X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel V. Esposito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE","Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, University of Delaware,Newark,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, University of Delaware,Newark,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034358731","display_name":"Jingguang G. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-2635","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-2635"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingguang G. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE","Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, University of Delaware,Newark,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, University of Delaware,Newark,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034358731"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.158,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":264,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98341625,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"10","first_page":"3900","last_page":"3900"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10192","display_name":"Catalytic Processes in Materials Science","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tungsten-carbide","display_name":"tungsten carbide","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-cost-electrocatalysts","display_name":"low-cost electrocatalysts","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-evolution-reaction","display_name":"hydrogen evolution reaction","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methanol-electrooxidation","display_name":"methanol electrooxidation","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-properties","display_name":"electronic properties","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-cells","display_name":"fuel cells","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrolyzer","display_name":"electrolyzer","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-surface-area-catalysts","display_name":"high surface area catalysts","score":0.8740000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518104683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q880","display_name":"Platinum","level":3,"score":0.7616435885429382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7070889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902488","display_name":"Monolayer","level":2,"score":0.7491879463195801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6905527710914612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.6841704845428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781422231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423265","display_name":"Tungsten carbide","level":2,"score":0.6647730469703674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.6563186645507812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5335593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241906","display_name":"Carbide","level":2,"score":0.5633268356323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152365726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048589","display_name":"Density functional theory","level":2,"score":0.5066967606544495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.48652738332748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542268612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743","display_name":"Tungsten","level":2,"score":0.4848252534866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.4625647962093353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172404476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902130","display_name":"Tafel equation","level":4,"score":0.4427136778831482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1930895447731018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.1578405499458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.14687156677246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147597530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369472","display_name":"Computational chemistry","level":1,"score":0.13127335906028748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.09790146350860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.06851860880851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1039/c1ee01851e","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ee01851e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ee01851e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117082959","display_name":"Energy & Environmental Science","issn_l":"1754-5692","issn":["1754-5692","1754-5706"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy & Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8485000133514404,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":95,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480171480","https://openalex.org/W1971294721","https://openalex.org/W1975905088","https://openalex.org/W1980298278","https://openalex.org/W1981014221","https://openalex.org/W1983781417","https://openalex.org/W1985070049","https://openalex.org/W1986134126","https://openalex.org/W1989389325","https://openalex.org/W1989436608","https://openalex.org/W1993590173","https://openalex.org/W1994296611","https://openalex.org/W1995143934","https://openalex.org/W1998065591","https://openalex.org/W1998239267","https://openalex.org/W1998285721","https://openalex.org/W1998551642","https://openalex.org/W1999027677","https://openalex.org/W2000413464","https://openalex.org/W2003965894","https://openalex.org/W2004060993","https://openalex.org/W2006157350","https://openalex.org/W2008160179","https://openalex.org/W2008586773","https://openalex.org/W2009851885","https://openalex.org/W2010326467","https://openalex.org/W2011316547","https://openalex.org/W2013480165","https://openalex.org/W2013596789","https://openalex.org/W2015371851","https://openalex.org/W2016381111","https://openalex.org/W2018049773","https://openalex.org/W2018080049","https://openalex.org/W2018146345","https://openalex.org/W2018181194","https://openalex.org/W2018889213","https://openalex.org/W2020571082","https://openalex.org/W2021580675","https://openalex.org/W2022714449","https://openalex.org/W2022896238","https://openalex.org/W2023309703","https://openalex.org/W2023340293","https://openalex.org/W2023593377","https://openalex.org/W2026476596","https://openalex.org/W2027520599","https://openalex.org/W2028043421","https://openalex.org/W2037094937","https://openalex.org/W2042997337","https://openalex.org/W2046925728","https://openalex.org/W2049131578","https://openalex.org/W2049486971","https://openalex.org/W2053840213","https://openalex.org/W2055942403","https://openalex.org/W2056200423","https://openalex.org/W2060745946","https://openalex.org/W2060888262","https://openalex.org/W2061963459","https://openalex.org/W2063383406","https://openalex.org/W2063602413","https://openalex.org/W2063661718","https://openalex.org/W2065686520","https://openalex.org/W2069576552","https://openalex.org/W2069871808","https://openalex.org/W2070504064","https://openalex.org/W2072859685","https://openalex.org/W2073216227","https://openalex.org/W2074207002","https://openalex.org/W2074280738","https://openalex.org/W2077177880","https://openalex.org/W2079857466","https://openalex.org/W2081446224","https://openalex.org/W2081745154","https://openalex.org/W2081942312","https://openalex.org/W2082719137","https://openalex.org/W2085884790","https://openalex.org/W2091634275","https://openalex.org/W2093617484","https://openalex.org/W2099733554","https://openalex.org/W2106664196","https://openalex.org/W2115729799","https://openalex.org/W2117765568","https://openalex.org/W2120000225","https://openalex.org/W2134228922","https://openalex.org/W2135882313","https://openalex.org/W2142063541","https://openalex.org/W2145428438","https://openalex.org/W2154276244","https://openalex.org/W2159974326","https://openalex.org/W2162287352","https://openalex.org/W2167035995","https://openalex.org/W2312923645","https://openalex.org/W2316289813","https://openalex.org/W2333687994","https://openalex.org/W4241456496","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091634275","https://openalex.org/W2149716505","https://openalex.org/W4407051910","https://openalex.org/W2063990087","https://openalex.org/W2075010567","https://openalex.org/W2162287352","https://openalex.org/W2952400308","https://openalex.org/W2318952759","https://openalex.org/W4400314346","https://openalex.org/W2026538217"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"high":[1,146],"cost":[2],"and":[3,74,81,92,138,157,176,191],"limited":[4],"supply":[5],"of":[6,15,41,57,125,134,153,160,170,187],"platinum":[7],"(Pt)":[8],"represent":[9,53],"barriers":[10],"to":[11,30,99,129,145,179],"large-scale":[12],"commercial":[13],"applications":[14],"several":[16],"electrochemical":[17,195],"devices":[18,69],"that":[19,85,95],"utilize":[20],"Pt":[21,42,58,66,101],"as":[22,71,106,122],"electrocatalysts.":[23],"In":[24,127],"this":[25],"Perspective":[26,166],"we":[27],"discuss":[28],"opportunities":[29],"replace":[31],"all":[32],"but":[33],"the":[34,54,86,107,123,132,154,188],"top":[35],"atomic":[36],"layer,":[37],"or":[38],"monolayer":[39],"(ML),":[40],"with":[43],"low-cost,":[44],"\u201cPt-like\u201d":[45],"tungsten":[46],"carbide":[47],"(WC).":[48],"These":[49],"ML":[50,87,135,161,173],"Pt-WC":[51,88,136,162,174,189],"catalysts":[52],"lower":[55],"limit":[56],"loading,":[59],"allowing":[60],"for":[61,102,117],"a":[62,150,184],"significant":[63],"decrease":[64],"in":[65,68,113,194],"costs":[67],"such":[70,105,121],"fuel":[72],"cells":[73],"electrolyzers.":[75],"Density":[76],"functional":[77],"theory":[78],"(DFT)":[79],"calculations":[80],"experimental":[82],"measurements":[83],"indicate":[84],"surface":[89,147],"exhibits":[90],"chemical":[91],"electronic":[93],"properties":[94,159],"are":[96],"very":[97],"similar":[98],"bulk":[100],"simple":[103],"reactions":[104,120],"hydrogen":[108],"evolution":[109],"reaction,":[110],"although":[111],"deviation":[112],"behavior":[114,193],"is":[115,163],"observed":[116],"more":[118],"complex":[119],"electrooxidation":[124],"methanol.":[126],"order":[128],"further":[130],"improve":[131],"performance":[133],"electrocatalysts":[137,175],"transfer":[139],"knowledge":[140],"gained":[141],"from":[142],"thin":[143],"films":[144],"area":[148],"catalysts,":[149],"better":[151,185],"understanding":[152,186],"electronic,":[155],"electrochemical,":[156],"catalytic":[158],"needed.":[164],"This":[165],"provides":[167],"an":[168],"overview":[169],"these":[171],"promising":[172],"discusses":[177],"approaches":[178],"overcoming":[180],"limitations":[181],"based":[182],"on":[183],"interface":[190],"its":[192],"environments.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}