{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2025545268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/1047-2797(94)90067-1","title":"Concentrations of Lp(a) in black and white young adults: Relations to risk factors for cardiovascular disease","display_name":"Concentrations of Lp(a) in black and white young adults: Relations to risk factors for cardiovascular disease","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2025545268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/1047-2797(94)90067-1","mag":"2025545268","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7981840"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/1047-2797(94)90067-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/1047-2797(94)90067-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/1047-2797(94)90067-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S40844199","display_name":"Annals of Epidemiology","issn_l":"1047-2797","issn":["1047-2797","1873-2585"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018436834","display_name":"Barbara V. Howard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4216-7859","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4216-7859"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Barbara V. Howard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medlantic Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010-2933","Medlantic Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medlantic Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010-2933","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medlantic Research Institute","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002965978","display_name":"Ngoc\u2010Anh Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2634-4798","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2634-4798"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngoc-Anh Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Arteriosclerosis and Lipid Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA","Emory University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Arteriosclerosis and Lipid Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082575546","display_name":"John D. Belcher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5536-2752","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5536-2752"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John D. Belcher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, School of Medicine > Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine > Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042225821","display_name":"John M. Flack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2584-5598","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2584-5598"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John M. Flack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, School of Medicine > Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine > Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051078160","display_name":"David R. Jacobs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7232-0543","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7232-0543"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David R. Jacobs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, School of Medicine > Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine > Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069988352","display_name":"Cora Elizabeth Lewis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2301-5796","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2301-5796"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cora E. Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of General and Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA","University of Alabama at, Birmingham"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General and Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama at, Birmingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067464347","display_name":"Santica M. Marcovina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9118-8488","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9118-8488"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santica M. Marcovina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111725446","display_name":"Laura L. Perkins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura L. Perkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA","University of Alabama at, Birmingham"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama at, Birmingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018436834"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3820,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3820},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7834,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95002763,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"5","first_page":"341","last_page":"350"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13430","display_name":"Lipid metabolism and disorders","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipoprotein-a","display_name":"lipoprotein(a)","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-differences","display_name":"racial differences","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk-factors","display_name":"cardiovascular risk factors","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-adults","display_name":"young adults","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ldl-cholesterol","display_name":"LDL cholesterol","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibrinogen","display_name":"fibrinogen","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apolipoprotein-b","display_name":"apolipoprotein B","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-history-of-myocardial-infarction","display_name":"family history of myocardial infarction","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-factors","display_name":"genetic factors","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-artery-risk-development-in-young-adults-study","display_name":"Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.4620000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9085386991500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61427482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6656244","display_name":"Anthropometry","level":2,"score":0.6377321481704712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776104379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21112670","display_name":"Lipoprotein(a)","level":4,"score":0.5788771510124207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5054616928100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.49950575828552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4822586178779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.4747196435928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779036427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381899","display_name":"Fibrinogen","level":2,"score":0.44266003370285034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780072125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28350","display_name":"Lipoprotein","level":3,"score":0.4390336871147156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.4382873773574829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170964787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7611170","display_name":"Stepwise regression","level":2,"score":0.43559974431991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.431123822927475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3593391180038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.336994469165802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.1555269956588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000428","descriptor_name":"Alcohol Drinking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000886","descriptor_name":"Anthropometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002149","descriptor_name":"Energy Intake","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005082","descriptor_name":"Physical Exertion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008055","descriptor_name":"Lipids","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008074","descriptor_name":"Lipoproteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008137","descriptor_name":"Longitudinal Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017270","descriptor_name":"Lipoprotein(a)","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/1047-2797(94)90067-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/1047-2797(94)90067-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/1047-2797(94)90067-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S40844199","display_name":"Annals of Epidemiology","issn_l":"1047-2797","issn":["1047-2797","1873-2585"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7981840","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7981840","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of epidemiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13562494","https://openalex.org/W1491117599","https://openalex.org/W1511674766","https://openalex.org/W1564079839","https://openalex.org/W1590490407","https://openalex.org/W1860487341","https://openalex.org/W1926994757","https://openalex.org/W1970055375","https://openalex.org/W1972415613","https://openalex.org/W1975271432","https://openalex.org/W1978039741","https://openalex.org/W1985025463","https://openalex.org/W2004838889","https://openalex.org/W2006124505","https://openalex.org/W2019295985","https://openalex.org/W2027275079","https://openalex.org/W2035299903","https://openalex.org/W2035632881","https://openalex.org/W2036170644","https://openalex.org/W2044515472","https://openalex.org/W2046189956","https://openalex.org/W2052572516","https://openalex.org/W2053711634","https://openalex.org/W2055774080","https://openalex.org/W2059569088","https://openalex.org/W2073386322","https://openalex.org/W2078073869","https://openalex.org/W2078765414","https://openalex.org/W2083516336","https://openalex.org/W2085179336","https://openalex.org/W2093497878","https://openalex.org/W2106427229","https://openalex.org/W2109286939","https://openalex.org/W2114624401","https://openalex.org/W2116404316","https://openalex.org/W2117245915","https://openalex.org/W2182875154","https://openalex.org/W2188156660","https://openalex.org/W2257427816","https://openalex.org/W2415957455","https://openalex.org/W2424129053","https://openalex.org/W2489682881","https://openalex.org/W2496361081","https://openalex.org/W2893262959","https://openalex.org/W3141032444","https://openalex.org/W3146757684"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2885308025","https://openalex.org/W2172005691","https://openalex.org/W4389957725","https://openalex.org/W7099985972","https://openalex.org/W2164651602","https://openalex.org/W2092495670","https://openalex.org/W4281250366","https://openalex.org/W4306411242","https://openalex.org/W2077608754","https://openalex.org/W2109286939"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
