{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2025423992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1076/1380-3611(200006)6:2;1-e;f158","title":"Why Should We Group Students Within-Class for Learning?","display_name":"Why Should We Group Students Within-Class for Learning?","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2025423992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1076/1380-3611(200006)6:2;1-e;f158","mag":"2025423992"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1076/1380-3611(200006)6:2;1-e;f158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1076/1380-3611(200006)6:2;1-e;f158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1076/1380-3611(200006)6:2;1-e;f158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186234238","display_name":"Educational Research and Evaluation","issn_l":"1380-3611","issn":["1380-3611","1744-4187"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational Research and Evaluation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082017291","display_name":"Philip C. Abrami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7216-476X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7216-476X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip C. Abrami","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000159253","display_name":"Yiping Lou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiping Lou","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111562972","display_name":"Bette Chambers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bette Chambers","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007622451","display_name":"Catherine Poulsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4250-7689","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4250-7689"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Poulsen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"John C. Spence","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John C. Spence","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1012,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87674437,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"158","last_page":"179"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12950","display_name":"Educational Environments and Student Outcomes","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-group-instruction","display_name":"small group instruction","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whole-class-teaching","display_name":"whole-class instruction","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaborative-learning","display_name":"cooperative learning","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-interdependence","display_name":"positive interdependence","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-accountability","display_name":"individual accountability","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"academic performance","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effect-size","display_name":"effect size","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/study-heterogeneity","display_name":"study heterogeneity","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classroom-organization","display_name":"classroom organization","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-outcomes","display_name":"teacher outcomes","score":0.6389999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7190719842910767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6000114679336548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.5830355286598206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5603463649749756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36727532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861399","display_name":"Educational research","level":2,"score":0.4917185604572296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776824051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22907283","display_name":"Class size","level":2,"score":0.4787118434906006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781206393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419","display_name":"Academic achievement","level":2,"score":0.43538427352905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3273286819458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1521444320678711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11229762434959412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1076/1380-3611(200006)6:2;1-e;f158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1076/1380-3611(200006)6:2;1-e;f158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1076/1380-3611(200006)6:2;1-e;f158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186234238","display_name":"Educational Research and Evaluation","issn_l":"1380-3611","issn":["1380-3611","1744-4187"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational Research and Evaluation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.975600004196167,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2129991388","https://openalex.org/W2014687803","https://openalex.org/W2491735096","https://openalex.org/W2005266170","https://openalex.org/W2070547097","https://openalex.org/W2160084521","https://openalex.org/W2091853025","https://openalex.org/W2085088371","https://openalex.org/W105205792","https://openalex.org/W7099331493"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,46],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,13,52,83,121,144,163,168,182,209,220],"this":[3],"article":[4],"is":[5],"threefold.":[6],"First,":[7],"we":[8,31,92,187],"bring":[9],"to":[10,97,158],"the":[11,14,20,75,89,94,142,183,191,206,239],"attention":[12],"European":[15],"and":[16,42,80,174,176,212,217,236],"international":[17],"research":[18,21,99,221,240],"community":[19],"evidence":[22,162,241],"concerning":[23],"within-class":[24,40,53,233],"grouping.":[25],"In":[26,148],"a":[27,178],"previous":[28],"quantitative":[29],"review,":[30],"computed":[32],"103":[33],"independent":[34],"effect":[35,49],"sizes":[36],"from":[37],"studies":[38],"comparing":[39],"instruction":[41],"whole":[43],"class":[44],"instruction.":[45,147,199],"mean":[47],"weighted":[48],"size":[50],"(ES)":[51],"versus":[54],"no":[55],"grouping":[56,114],"on":[57,113,116,190,222,238],"student":[58],"achievement":[59],"was":[60,63],"0.17,":[61],"which":[62,82,194],"significantly":[64],"greater":[65],"than":[66],"zero":[67],"(p":[68],"<":[69],".05).":[70],"We":[71,106,127,200,225],"also":[72,128],"reported":[73],"that":[74,108,130,134,228],"findings":[76,151],"were":[77],"statistically":[78],"heterogeneous":[79],"explored":[81],"26":[84],"study":[85],"features":[86,120],"accounted":[87],"for":[88,166,234,242],"variability.":[90],"Second,":[91],"address":[93],"issues":[95],"related":[96],"our":[98,109,131,150],"integration":[100],"raised":[101],"by":[102,141],"Prais":[103],"(1998,":[104],"1999).":[105],"argue":[107],"review":[110],"focused":[111],"only":[112],"effects":[115,165],"students,":[117],"not":[118,154],"other":[119],"classroom":[122],"organization":[123],"or":[124],"teacher":[125],"outcomes.":[126],"believe":[129],"data":[132],"suggest":[133],"Continental":[135],"Education":[136],"would":[137],"be":[138,159],"further":[139,189],"enhanced":[140],"use":[143],"small":[145,197],"group":[146,198,231],"particular,":[149,216],"are:":[152],"useful;":[153],"so":[155],"variable":[156],"as":[157],"meaningless;":[160],"provide":[161,177],"beneficial":[164],"students":[167,232],"all":[169],"relative":[170],"abilities;":[171],"are":[172],"thorough":[173],"detailed;":[175],"rather":[179],"complete":[180],"picture":[181],"available":[184],"evidence.":[185],"Third,":[186],"elaborate":[188],"pedagogical":[192],"techniques":[193],"encourage":[195],"effective":[196],"describe":[201],"cooperative":[202],"learning":[203,235],"in":[204,215,244],"general,":[205],"important":[207],"elements":[208],"positive":[210],"interdependence":[211],"individual":[213],"accountability":[214],"summarize":[218],"reviews":[219],"its":[223],"effectiveness.":[224],"remain":[226],"convinced":[227],"educators":[229],"should":[230],"rely":[237],"guidance":[243],"doing":[245],"so.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
