{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2025377366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3902.278","title":"Discriminability and Perceptual Weighting of Some Acoustic Cues to Speech Perception by 3-Year-Olds","display_name":"Discriminability and Perceptual Weighting of Some Acoustic Cues to Speech Perception by 3-Year-Olds","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2025377366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3902.278","mag":"2025377366","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8729917"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1044/jshr.3902.278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3902.278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3902.278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110744938","display_name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","issn_l":"1092-4388","issn":["1092-4388","1558-9102"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320281","host_organization_name":"American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320281"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066117251","display_name":"Susan Nittrouer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3235-1724","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3235-1724"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107141","display_name":"Boys Town National Research Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01q9r1072","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107141"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Susan Nittrouer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE","Google Scholar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107141"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Scholar","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066117251"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107141"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7915,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":113,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95148414,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"2","first_page":"278","last_page":"297"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptual-weighting","display_name":"perceptual weighting","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-cues","display_name":"acoustic cues","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hearing-sensitivity","display_name":"auditory sensitivity","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences","display_name":"age differences","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phoneme-discrimination","display_name":"phoneme discrimination","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-year-old-children","display_name":"three-year-old children","score":0.7059999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7404088973999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.7366867065429688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.7030210494995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99209842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643696","display_name":"Speech perception","level":3,"score":0.6473071575164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.5852328538894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.5670632719993591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4763232171535492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160289","display_name":"Auditory perception","level":3,"score":0.4132058918476105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3120339512825012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.17254897952079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13244152069091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010700","descriptor_name":"Phonetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013018","descriptor_name":"Sound Spectrography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013061","descriptor_name":"Speech Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013063","descriptor_name":"Speech Discrimination Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1044/jshr.3902.278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3902.278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3902.278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110744938","display_name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","issn_l":"1092-4388","issn":["1092-4388","1558-9102"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320281","host_organization_name":"American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320281"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8729917","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8729917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of speech and hearing research","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G504816598","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DC-00633","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhx6838"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35347124","https://openalex.org/W135984148","https://openalex.org/W627453262","https://openalex.org/W807349129","https://openalex.org/W1756630782","https://openalex.org/W1964111140","https://openalex.org/W1979472782","https://openalex.org/W1999885698","https://openalex.org/W2000227993","https://openalex.org/W2000635945","https://openalex.org/W2001310582","https://openalex.org/W2028846901","https://openalex.org/W2058565724","https://openalex.org/W2068247585","https://openalex.org/W2068394762","https://openalex.org/W2075464530","https://openalex.org/W2079072779","https://openalex.org/W2080752822","https://openalex.org/W2084814946","https://openalex.org/W2089137168","https://openalex.org/W2109791225","https://openalex.org/W2117404433","https://openalex.org/W2126831351","https://openalex.org/W2148329528","https://openalex.org/W2479278348","https://openalex.org/W2982653307","https://openalex.org/W3022104823","https://openalex.org/W3128935475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068394762","https://openalex.org/W2198570942","https://openalex.org/W1972411430","https://openalex.org/W2070939018","https://openalex.org/W2034390973","https://openalex.org/W2047204160","https://openalex.org/W2020002205","https://openalex.org/W2088768101","https://openalex.org/W2051353076","https://openalex.org/W2145652216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Studies":[0],"of":[1,53],"children's":[2],"speech":[3,11,132],"perception":[4,133],"have":[5,38],"shown":[6],"that":[7,43,56,91,122,171,195,211],"young":[8],"children":[9,33,148],"process":[10],"signals":[12],"differently":[13],"than":[14],"adults.":[15,35],"Specifically,":[16],"the":[17,41,50,65,74,78,84,93,100,168,183],"relative":[18],"contributions":[19],"made":[20],"by":[21,138],"various":[22],"acoustic":[23,54,159,169,184,205],"parameters":[24,55],"to":[25,30,40,76,95,155,187,201],"some":[26],"linguistic":[27,164],"decisions":[28,98,165],"seem":[29],"differ":[31],"for":[32,83,182,222],"and":[34,161],"Such":[36],"findings":[37],"led":[39],"hypothesis":[42,181],"there":[44,115],"is":[45,116,172],"a":[46,61],"developmental":[47,70],"shift":[48,71],"in":[49,131,141,158,190,203,215,225],"perceptual":[51,80,226],"weighting":[52,81,227],"results":[57],"from":[58],"experience":[59],"with":[60],"native":[62,85,107],"language":[63,86],"(i.e.,":[64,89],"Developmental":[66],"Weighting":[67],"Shift).":[68],"This":[69],"eventually":[72],"leads":[73],"child":[75],"adopt":[77],"optimal":[79],"strategy":[82],"being":[87],"learned":[88],"one":[90,119],"allows":[92],"listener":[94],"make":[96,163],"accurate":[97],"about":[99],"phonemic":[101],"structure":[102,160],"or":[103,105],"his":[104],"her":[106],"language).":[108],"Although":[109],"this":[110,180],"proposal":[111],"has":[112],"intuitive":[113],"appeal,":[114],"at":[117],"least":[118],"serious":[120],"challenge":[121],"can":[123,134],"be":[124,136],"leveled":[125],"against":[126],"it:":[127],"Perhaps":[128],"age-related":[129,139,213,223],"differences":[130,140,157,214,224],"appropriately":[135],"explained":[137],"basic":[142],"auditory-processing":[143],"abilities.":[144],"That":[145],"is,":[146],"perhaps":[147],"are":[149],"not":[150,198,219],"as":[151,153,199,207],"sensitive":[152,200],"adults":[154,208],"subtle":[156],"so":[162],"based":[166],"on":[167],"information":[170],"most":[173],"perceptually":[174],"salient.":[175],"The":[176],"present":[177],"study":[178],"tested":[179],"cues":[185,206],"relevant":[186],"fricative":[188],"identity":[189],"fricative-vowel":[191],"syllables.":[192],"Results":[193],"indicated":[194],"3-year-olds":[196],"were":[197],"changes":[202],"these":[204,212],"are,":[209],"but":[210],"auditory":[216],"sensitivity":[217],"could":[218],"entirely":[220],"account":[221],"strategies.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
