{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2025249797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230100306","title":"Strategies for enhancing organizational effectiveness in the Third World","display_name":"Strategies for enhancing organizational effectiveness in the Third World","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2025249797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230100306","mag":"2025249797"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/pad.4230100306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230100306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230100306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189395249","display_name":"Public Administration and Development","issn_l":"0271-2075","issn":["0271-2075","1099-162X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Administration and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030098057","display_name":"Peter Blunt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8697-4751","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8697-4751","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1320-6441"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29894533","display_name":"Charles Darwin University","ror":"https://ror.org/048zcaj52","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Blunt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foundation Professor of Management and Director of Graduate Studies, Faculty of Business, Northern Territory University, P.O. Box 40146, Casuarina, Darwin NT0811, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foundation Professor of Management and Director of Graduate Studies, Faculty of Business, Northern Territory University, P.O. Box 40146, Casuarina, Darwin NT0811, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030098057"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"],"apc_list":{"value":3010,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3010},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.752,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98383918,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"299","last_page":"313"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14031","display_name":"Global and Cross-Cultural Management","score":0.899399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14031","display_name":"Global and Cross-Cultural Management","score":0.899399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12687","display_name":"Public Administration in Developing Nations","score":0.037300001829862595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.032499998807907104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-effectiveness","display_name":"organizational effectiveness","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-dysfunction","display_name":"organizational dysfunction","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-resource-management","display_name":"human resource management","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-structure","display_name":"organizational structure","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"accountability","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/role-specification","display_name":"role specification","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-evaluation-human-resources","display_name":"performance evaluation (human resources)","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reward","display_name":"reward","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformational-leadership","display_name":"transformational leadership","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contingency-theory","display_name":"contingency theory","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-cultural-convergence","display_name":"cross-cultural convergence","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-adaptation","display_name":"organizational adaptation","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-training","display_name":"management training","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attitude-change","display_name":"attitude change","score":0.5910000205039978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.5233120918273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202372285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056396","display_name":"Human resource management","level":2,"score":0.518052339553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38775462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569376","display_name":"Transformational leadership","level":2,"score":0.5178935527801514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97508593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359069","display_name":"Contingency","level":2,"score":0.507152795791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.4655649662017822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165672731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25047583","display_name":"Organizational performance","level":2,"score":0.4436171352863312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44163280725479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4103609621524811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.36704957485198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3611781597137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.30394119024276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.26381736993789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2612816095352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2523709237575531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.1462658941745758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/pad.4230100306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230100306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230100306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189395249","display_name":"Public Administration and Development","issn_l":"0271-2075","issn":["0271-2075","1099-162X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Administration and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35403889","https://openalex.org/W133604424","https://openalex.org/W625896916","https://openalex.org/W1486011009","https://openalex.org/W1495776298","https://openalex.org/W1526743803","https://openalex.org/W1545873960","https://openalex.org/W1595131245","https://openalex.org/W1970750360","https://openalex.org/W1977617105","https://openalex.org/W1979416933","https://openalex.org/W1982103554","https://openalex.org/W1985086896","https://openalex.org/W1987123461","https://openalex.org/W1987893315","https://openalex.org/W1988848337","https://openalex.org/W1999355515","https://openalex.org/W2003244478","https://openalex.org/W2018863071","https://openalex.org/W2027320617","https://openalex.org/W2031193399","https://openalex.org/W2035859161","https://openalex.org/W2037031836","https://openalex.org/W2038204327","https://openalex.org/W2044688636","https://openalex.org/W2045394562","https://openalex.org/W2052874550","https://openalex.org/W2063611375","https://openalex.org/W2075495352","https://openalex.org/W2076722559","https://openalex.org/W2078177985","https://openalex.org/W2093365864","https://openalex.org/W2093611241","https://openalex.org/W2094853626","https://openalex.org/W2099482266","https://openalex.org/W2105424602","https://openalex.org/W2105810170","https://openalex.org/W2145703310","https://openalex.org/W2153281647","https://openalex.org/W2166655855","https://openalex.org/W2170647275","https://openalex.org/W2265938796","https://openalex.org/W2323091707","https://openalex.org/W2325622694","https://openalex.org/W2329747779","https://openalex.org/W2334300988","https://openalex.org/W2949851968","https://openalex.org/W3124872368","https://openalex.org/W4212891251","https://openalex.org/W4230235793","https://openalex.org/W4240239637","https://openalex.org/W4241785331","https://openalex.org/W4254955884"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023600132","https://openalex.org/W4399955306","https://openalex.org/W2134235320","https://openalex.org/W2019438591","https://openalex.org/W2596571855","https://openalex.org/W657605203","https://openalex.org/W2184854691","https://openalex.org/W125390530","https://openalex.org/W2321317576","https://openalex.org/W2092649001"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"While":[1],"problems":[2,37],"of":[3,16,35,41,54,57,61,89,111,119,128,134,154],"organizational":[4,121,144],"dysfunction":[5,18],"in":[6,22,52,143],"the":[7,14,23,33,112,116,125,132],"public":[8],"domain":[9],"are":[10,19,46,50],"a":[11,39,55,151,166,171],"global":[12],"phenomenon,":[13],"consequences":[15],"such":[17],"generally":[20],"greater":[21],"Third":[24],"World.":[25],"Possible":[26],"discipline\u2010based":[27],"(human":[28],"resource":[29,160],"management)":[30],"explanations":[31],"for":[32,43,158],"chronicity":[34],"these":[36],"and":[38,59,69,74,82,92,98,130,136,176,181],"number":[40,56],"strategies":[42,49],"overcoming":[44],"them":[45],"advanced.":[47],"These":[48],"described":[51],"terms":[53],"imperatives":[58,65],"variables":[60],"effective":[62,99],"organization.":[63],"Structural":[64],"include:":[66],"clearly":[67,84],"identified":[68],"agreed":[70],"missions,":[71],"goals,":[72],"strategies,":[73],"main":[75],"functions;":[76],"accountability":[77],"linked":[78],"to":[79,96,115],"sufficient":[80],"power":[81],"control;":[83],"specified":[85],"roles;":[86],"particular":[87],"notions":[88],"individual":[90],"effectiveness":[91],"performance":[93],"appraisal":[94],"tied":[95],"rewards;":[97],"transformational":[100],"leadership.":[101],"The":[102,146],"implicit":[103],"model":[104,147],"extends":[105],"contingency":[106],"theory":[107],"by":[108],"taking":[109],"account":[110],"evidence":[113],"pointing":[114],"cross\u2010cultural":[117],"convergence":[118],"certain":[120],"characteristics,":[122],"but":[123],"retains":[124],"central":[126,152],"notion":[127],"adaptation":[129],"hence":[131],"possibility":[133],"adaptive":[135],"non\u2010adaptive":[137],"culturally":[138],"and/or":[139],"ideologically":[140],"based":[141],"variation":[142],"behaviour.":[145],"is":[148],"built":[149],"around":[150],"core":[153],"value":[155,180],"imperatives.":[156],"Implications":[157],"human":[159],"management":[161,164],"(HRM)":[162],"interventions\u2014e.g.":[163],"training\u2014include":[165],"possible":[167],"shift":[168],"away":[169],"from":[170],"primary":[172],"focus":[173],"on":[174],"skill":[175],"knowledge":[177],"transmission,":[178],"towards":[179],"attitude":[182],"change.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}