{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2025192522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.262960","title":"Geometrical optics approximation modeling of laser measurements of an operating Bessemer-converter casing","display_name":"Geometrical optics approximation modeling of laser measurements of an operating Bessemer-converter casing","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2025192522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.262960","mag":"2025192522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.262960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.262960","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.262960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008308696","display_name":"Mihail Stoyanov Mihalev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3485-9134","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3485-9134"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117802","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/0299eyn73","country_code":"BG","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mihail Mihalev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics (Bulgaria)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics (Bulgaria)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074517233","display_name":"Orlin Parvanov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117802","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/0299eyn73","country_code":"BG","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Orlin Parvanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics (Bulgaria)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics (Bulgaria)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084758900","display_name":"Peter S. Pirgov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117802","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/0299eyn73","country_code":"BG","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter S. Pirgov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics (Bulgaria)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics (Bulgaria)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117802"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3052","issue":null,"first_page":"380","last_page":"385"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.3806000053882599,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.3806000053882599,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.21850000321865082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.06790000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-monitoring","display_name":"laser monitoring","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulsed-solid-state-laser","display_name":"pulsed solid-state laser","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-accuracy","display_name":"measurement accuracy","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-divergence","display_name":"beam divergence","score":0.6629999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30399818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048830","display_name":"Casing","level":2,"score":0.861981987953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.6512610912322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151011524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11573","display_name":"Metre","level":2,"score":0.5326615571975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5183244943618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3576218783855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34133052825927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31515198945999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2570159137248993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19816157221794128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.262960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.262960","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.262960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986319983","https://openalex.org/W2372125589","https://openalex.org/W3022055907","https://openalex.org/W1968723325","https://openalex.org/W6890020769","https://openalex.org/W2125757019","https://openalex.org/W2740242999","https://openalex.org/W3048903350","https://openalex.org/W2025407564","https://openalex.org/W2519496807"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"report":[1],"the":[2,12,16,27,32,35,41,48,51,54,62,93,98,106,124,131,136,139,143],"use":[3,84,99],"of":[4,11,15,19,26,34,53,57,100,108,116,134,142],"computer":[5],"techniques":[6],"for":[7,91],"modeling":[8],"and":[9,45,67],"visualization":[10],"laser":[13,36,59,86],"monitoring":[14,92],"inner":[17],"surface":[18],"an":[20],"operating":[21,140],"Bessemer":[22],"converter.":[23],"The":[24,72],"purpose":[25],"study":[28],"was":[29],"to":[30,39,46,50,83],"estimate":[31],"accuracy":[33,52,132],"measurement":[37],"technique,":[38],"determine":[40],"geometrical":[42],"parameters":[43],"necessary,":[44],"establish":[47],"requirements":[49],"scanning":[55],"part":[56],"a":[58,85,89,101],"meter":[60,87],"when":[61],"pulse":[63],"duration,":[64],"beam":[65],"divergence":[66],"defects":[68],"size":[69],"are":[70],"pre-set.":[71],"following":[73],"basic":[74],"conclusions":[75],"can":[76,111,145],"be":[77,112,146],"drawn:":[78],"firstly,":[79],"it":[80],"is":[81],"possible":[82],"as":[88],"device":[90],"casing":[94,137],"thickness":[95],"based":[96,129],"on":[97,130],"pulsed":[102],"solid-state":[103],"laser;":[104],"secondly,":[105],"process":[107],"non-uniform":[109],"wear":[110],"handled":[113],"by":[114],"means":[115],"additional":[117],"measurements":[118],"with":[119],"off-axis":[120],"sounding":[121],"geometry;":[122],"thirdly,":[123],"numerical":[125],"experiment":[126],"demonstrates":[127],"that,":[128],"achieved":[133],"determining":[135],"thickness,":[138],"life-time":[141],"converter":[144],"extended.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
