{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2024966118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-11-00094.1","title":"An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experiment Design","display_name":"An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experiment Design","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2024966118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-11-00094.1","mag":"2024966118"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1175/bams-d-11-00094.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-11-00094.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-11-00094.1","pdf_url":"https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/bams/93/4/bams-d-11-00094.1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140302479","display_name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","issn_l":"0003-0007","issn":["0003-0007","1520-0477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320260","host_organization_name":"American Meteorological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Meteorological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/bams/93/4/bams-d-11-00094.1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070265114","display_name":"Karl E. Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6491-2135","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6491-2135"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karl E. Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California","Lawrence Livermore National, Laboratory, Livermore, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National, Laboratory, Livermore, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044002980","display_name":"Ronald J. Stouffer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7900-6290","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7900-6290"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191217947","display_name":"NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03vmn1898","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I191217947","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald J. Stouffer","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191217947"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088846266","display_name":"Gerald A. Meehl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8760-9534","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8760-9534"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107766831","display_name":"NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvfcr44","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I2799356940","https://openalex.org/I4210141337","https://openalex.org/I4210150888"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerald A. Meehl","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107766831"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070265114"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":437.0068,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14037,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"93","issue":"4","first_page":"485","last_page":"498"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13530","display_name":"Climate Change and Environmental Impact","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmip5","display_name":"CMIP5","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-system-models","display_name":"Earth system models","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmosphere-ocean-general-circulation-models","display_name":"AOGCM","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decadal-climate-prediction","display_name":"decadal climate prediction","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-predictability","display_name":"climate predictability","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-projections","display_name":"climate change projections","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-variability","display_name":"climate variability","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ipcc-fifth-assessment-report","display_name":"IPCC Fifth Assessment Report","score":0.703000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.7475104928016663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25022447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5178021","display_name":"Coupled model intercomparison project","level":4,"score":0.7028579711914062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168754636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920","display_name":"Climate model","level":3,"score":0.6795661449432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.6252716183662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5846519470214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5476457476615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80368990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3046459","display_name":"Earth system science","level":2,"score":0.5225955247879028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5065239667892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4628794193267822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.45574167370796204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4445529878139496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4226168096065521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41156917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682831","display_name":"Downscaling","level":3,"score":0.41635510325431824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.40745407342910767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3927984833717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11361095309257507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0972190797328949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08568200469017029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.07645907998085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1175/bams-d-11-00094.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-11-00094.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-11-00094.1","pdf_url":"https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/bams/93/4/bams-d-11-00094.1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140302479","display_name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","issn_l":"0003-0007","issn":["0003-0007","1520-0477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320260","host_organization_name":"American Meteorological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Meteorological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1183520","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1183520","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1183520","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:roderic.uv.es:10550/113463","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://public.wmo.int/es/el-ni%C3%B1ola-ni%C3%B1a-hoy.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400245","display_name":"Repository of Digital Objects for Teaching Research and Culture (University of Valencia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","host_organization_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1175/bams-d-11-00094.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-11-00094.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-11-00094.1","pdf_url":"https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/bams/93/4/bams-d-11-00094.1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140302479","display_name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","issn_l":"0003-0007","issn":["0003-0007","1520-0477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320260","host_organization_name":"American Meteorological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Meteorological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.9786999821662903,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2024966118.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2024966118.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970329847","https://openalex.org/W1972708547","https://openalex.org/W1979139215","https://openalex.org/W2053478228","https://openalex.org/W2054653365","https://openalex.org/W2062217294","https://openalex.org/W2064960533","https://openalex.org/W2074625570","https://openalex.org/W2106963750","https://openalex.org/W2120903086","https://openalex.org/W2151328940","https://openalex.org/W2171919404","https://openalex.org/W2174939835","https://openalex.org/W2791906314"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384937209","https://openalex.org/W2954456231","https://openalex.org/W3177904200","https://openalex.org/W2031782830","https://openalex.org/W3129057447","https://openalex.org/W2351065974","https://openalex.org/W4390614385","https://openalex.org/W4235600894","https://openalex.org/W2165850125","https://openalex.org/W3139825826"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,178],"fifth":[1],"phase":[2],"of":[3,22,71,91,116,138,168,186,194,201,204,219,246],"the":[4,32,42,48,77,96,128,147,166,173,202,209,244,247],"Coupled":[5],"Model":[6],"Intercomparison":[7],"Project":[8],"(CMIP5)":[9],"will":[10,36,161,198],"produce":[11,37],"a":[12,192],"state-of-the-":[13],"art":[14],"multimodel":[15],"dataset":[16],"designed":[17],"to":[18,40,118,121,149,164,171,229],"advance":[19],"our":[20],"knowledge":[21],"climate":[23,26,63,73,85,169,242],"variability":[24],"and":[25,35,57,74,80,87,146,160,170,190,212,225,249],"change.":[27],"Researchers":[28],"worldwide":[29],"are":[30,94,155,252],"analyzing":[31],"model":[33,205,220],"output":[34,221],"results":[38],"likely":[39],"underlie":[41],"forthcoming":[43],"Fifth":[44],"Assessment":[45],"Report":[46],"by":[47,101],"Intergovernmental":[49],"Panel":[50],"on":[51,123,143,158],"Climate":[52],"Change.":[53],"Unprecedented":[54],"in":[55,208],"scale":[56],"attracting":[58],"interest":[59],"from":[60],"all":[61],"major":[62],"modeling":[64],"groups,":[65],"CMIP5":[66,131,179],"includes":[67,191],"\u201clong":[68],"term\u201d":[69,140],"simulations":[70,141],"twentieth-century":[72],"projections":[75],"for":[76,95,133,184],"twenty-first":[78],"century":[79],"beyond.":[81],"Conventional":[82],"atmosphere\u2013ocean":[83],"global":[84],"models":[86,90,107,117,189,248],"Earth":[88,105],"system":[89,106],"intermediate":[92],"complexity":[93],"first":[97],"time":[98],"being":[99,223],"joined":[100],"more":[102,210],"recently":[103],"developed":[104],"under":[108],"an":[109,124,134,232],"experiment":[110,180,250],"design":[111,181,251],"that":[112,197],"allows":[113,183],"both":[114],"types":[115],"be":[119,162],"compared":[120],"observations":[122,159],"equal":[125],"footing.":[126],"Besides":[127],"longterm":[129],"experiments,":[130],"calls":[132],"entirely":[135],"new":[136],"suite":[137],"\u201cnear":[139],"focusing":[142],"recent":[144],"decades":[145],"future":[148],"year":[150],"2035.":[151],"These":[152],"\u201cdecadal":[153],"predictions\u201d":[154],"initialized":[156],"based":[157],"used":[163],"explore":[165],"predictability":[167],"assess":[172],"forecast":[174],"system's":[175],"predictive":[176],"skill.":[177],"also":[182],"participation":[185],"stand-alone":[187],"atmospheric":[188],"variety":[193],"idealized":[195],"experiments":[196],"improve":[199],"understanding":[200],"range":[203],"responses":[206],"found":[207],"complex":[211],"realistic":[213],"simulations.":[214],"An":[215],"exceptionally":[216],"comprehensive":[217],"set":[218],"is":[222],"collected":[224],"made":[226],"freely":[227],"available":[228],"researchers":[230,239],"through":[231],"integrated":[233],"but":[234],"distributed":[235],"data":[236],"archive.":[237],"For":[238],"unfamiliar":[240],"with":[241],"models,":[243],"limitations":[245],"described.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":245},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":495},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":696},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":973},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1263},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1493},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1401},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1248},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1358},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1167},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1080},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":999},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":767},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":631},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":199}],"updated_date":"2026-10-15T10:00:46.086208","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}