{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2024959122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-cds:20030628","title":"Tritiated amorphous silicon betavoltaic devices","display_name":"Tritiated amorphous silicon betavoltaic devices","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2024959122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-cds:20030628","mag":"2024959122"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/ip-cds:20030628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-cds:20030628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-cds:20030628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173989","display_name":"IEE Proceedings - Circuits Devices and Systems","issn_l":"1350-2409","issn":["1350-2409","1359-7000"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEE Proceedings - Circuits, Devices and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054918148","display_name":"Tome Kosteski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Kosteski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046746167","display_name":"Nazir P. Kherani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-0527","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-0527"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N.P. Kherani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048334317","display_name":"Paul Stradins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-5564","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-5564"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Laboratory of the Rockies","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Stradins","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078618261","display_name":"Franco Gaspari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7581-7352","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7581-7352"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Gaspari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054442759","display_name":"Walter T. Shmayda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2949-0341","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2949-0341"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262925","display_name":"Laboratory for Laser Energetics","ror":"https://ror.org/006rjbv46","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262925","https://openalex.org/I5388228"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W.T. Shmayda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262925","https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004031013","display_name":"Lakhbeer S. Sidhu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22433950","display_name":"Altera (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/017b7j426","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L.S. Sidhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Altera Corporation, San Jose, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altera Corporation, San Jose, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053739390","display_name":"S. \u0179\u00fckoty\u0144ski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Zukotynski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"150","issue":"4","first_page":"274","last_page":"274"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14327","display_name":"Advanced Energy Technologies and Civil Engineering Innovations","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2104","display_name":"Nuclear Energy and Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14327","display_name":"Advanced Energy Technologies and Civil Engineering Innovations","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2104","display_name":"Nuclear Energy and Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10624","display_name":"Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11853","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and interfaces","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tritium-decay","display_name":"tritium decay","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogenated-amorphous-silicon","display_name":"hydrogenated amorphous silicon","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dangling-bonds","display_name":"dangling bonds","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metastability","display_name":"metastability","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pin-diodes","display_name":"PIN diodes","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-hole-pairs","display_name":"electron-hole pairs","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annealing","display_name":"annealing","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-spin-resonance","display_name":"electron spin resonance","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoluminescence","display_name":"photoluminescence","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-spectroscopy","display_name":"infrared spectroscopy","score":0.8050000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32424582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5216183","display_name":"Dangling bond","level":3,"score":0.8913798332214355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776390347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474163","display_name":"Amorphous silicon","level":4,"score":0.6754958033561707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.6512809991836548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6252902150154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62538594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54389","display_name":"Tritium","level":2,"score":0.6110044121742249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56052488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103382","display_name":"Amorphous solid","level":2,"score":0.5690401196479797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4339544","display_name":"Annealing (glass)","level":2,"score":0.500990629196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98345119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362735","display_name":"Tritium illumination","level":3,"score":0.4109605848789215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177322064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750955","display_name":"Radiochemistry","level":1,"score":0.35853511095046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3360252380371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779667780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18206302","display_name":"Crystalline silicon","level":3,"score":0.287993848323822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.23672035336494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.17960026860237122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.1522965133190155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10081443190574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.08920678496360779}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/ip-cds:20030628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-cds:20030628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-cds:20030628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173989","display_name":"IEE Proceedings - Circuits Devices and Systems","issn_l":"1350-2409","issn":["1350-2409","1359-7000"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEE Proceedings - Circuits, Devices and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.571399986743927,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W133569738","https://openalex.org/W229108574","https://openalex.org/W563785037","https://openalex.org/W614372590","https://openalex.org/W618005460","https://openalex.org/W641499302","https://openalex.org/W649769842","https://openalex.org/W652842035","https://openalex.org/W1482473989","https://openalex.org/W1505764633","https://openalex.org/W1518598409","https://openalex.org/W1533553544","https://openalex.org/W1549830275","https://openalex.org/W1553548925","https://openalex.org/W1582170750","https://openalex.org/W1583898581","https://openalex.org/W1596370876","https://openalex.org/W1604283604","https://openalex.org/W1669819412","https://openalex.org/W1774815132","https://openalex.org/W1781347434","https://openalex.org/W1870312978","https://openalex.org/W1968759897","https://openalex.org/W1969066144","https://openalex.org/W1969319232","https://openalex.org/W1971925722","https://openalex.org/W1972379256","https://openalex.org/W1975066648","https://openalex.org/W1975191881","https://openalex.org/W1976845510","https://openalex.org/W1982099744","https://openalex.org/W1988153053","https://openalex.org/W1992163673","https://openalex.org/W2004719347","https://openalex.org/W2007665885","https://openalex.org/W2009797510","https://openalex.org/W2016152824","https://openalex.org/W2016616070","https://openalex.org/W2018478134","https://openalex.org/W2022813781","https://openalex.org/W2024265239","https://openalex.org/W2026932618","https://openalex.org/W2039465884","https://openalex.org/W2044634628","https://openalex.org/W2046619377","https://openalex.org/W2050911868","https://openalex.org/W2056421445","https://openalex.org/W2057805253","https://openalex.org/W2064482540","https://openalex.org/W2064675712","https://openalex.org/W2074894287","https://openalex.org/W2077420217","https://openalex.org/W2080263803","https://openalex.org/W2081314276","https://openalex.org/W2085253232","https://openalex.org/W2087812090","https://openalex.org/W2089154535","https://openalex.org/W2102750346","https://openalex.org/W2104972618","https://openalex.org/W2106269846","https://openalex.org/W2109450671","https://openalex.org/W2114504287","https://openalex.org/W2115928583","https://openalex.org/W2121257688","https://openalex.org/W2139232393","https://openalex.org/W2143681666","https://openalex.org/W2147299362","https://openalex.org/W2149379483","https://openalex.org/W2151220071","https://openalex.org/W2152406420","https://openalex.org/W2153943092","https://openalex.org/W2164437044","https://openalex.org/W2200113965","https://openalex.org/W2314507883","https://openalex.org/W2341011676","https://openalex.org/W2408578562","https://openalex.org/W2891129865","https://openalex.org/W2941214773","https://openalex.org/W2970364999","https://openalex.org/W2987904798","https://openalex.org/W3003309219","https://openalex.org/W3021506335","https://openalex.org/W3024093923","https://openalex.org/W3122297993","https://openalex.org/W3122354591","https://openalex.org/W3122449994","https://openalex.org/W3122700413","https://openalex.org/W3123497241","https://openalex.org/W3123730119","https://openalex.org/W3124013274","https://openalex.org/W3124366560","https://openalex.org/W6663230188"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049141256","https://openalex.org/W1982689042","https://openalex.org/W2031307722","https://openalex.org/W2112840966","https://openalex.org/W2323590626","https://openalex.org/W1997146076","https://openalex.org/W126573267","https://openalex.org/W2001984913","https://openalex.org/W2071950794","https://openalex.org/W2018589002"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,48,130],"introduction":[1],"of":[2,45,50,56,63,86,95,101,111,119,132],"tritium":[3,51,75,123],"into":[4,27],"hydrogenated":[5],"amorphous":[6,88,134],"silicon":[7,79,89,135],"has":[8],"given":[9],"rise":[10],"to":[11,42,73,97,108],"a":[12,39,43,93],"novel":[13],"material":[14],"with":[15,33],"interesting":[16],"physical":[17],"properties":[18],"and":[19,29,59,68,84],"potential":[20],"applications.":[21],"Tritium":[22],"undergoes":[23],"radioactive":[24],"decay,":[25],"transforming":[26],"3He+":[28],"emitting":[30],"an":[31],"electron":[32],"average":[34],"energy":[35],"5.7":[36],"keV,":[37],"at":[38],"rate":[40],"equivalent":[41],"half-life":[44],"12.3":[46],"years.":[47],"decay":[49],"results":[52],"in":[53,60,77,114,124,136],"the":[54,61,78,99,115,125],"creation":[55],"electron\u2013hole":[57],"pairs":[58],"formation":[62],"dangling":[64,102,112],"bonds.":[65,103],"Infrared":[66],"spectroscopy":[67],"effusion":[69],"measurements":[70],"were":[71,90,128],"used":[72,107],"analyse":[74],"bonding":[76],"network.":[80],"Electron":[81],"spin":[82],"resonance":[83],"photoluminescence":[85],"tritiated":[87],"examined":[91],"as":[92],"function":[94],"time":[96],"study":[98,109],"evolution":[100],"Thermal":[104],"annealing":[105],"was":[106],"metastability":[110],"bonds":[113],"material.":[116],"Electrical":[117],"characteristics":[118],"pin":[120],"diodes":[121],"containing":[122],"intrinsic":[126],"layer":[127],"investigated.":[129],"application":[131],"tritiated\u2013hydrogenated":[133],"betavoltaic":[137],"devices":[138],"is":[139],"presented.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
