{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2024940949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.54.1809","title":"Evaluation of the free energy of two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory","display_name":"Evaluation of the free energy of two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2024940949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.54.1809","mag":"2024940949","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10020854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevd.54.1809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.54.1809","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.54.1809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190737","display_name":"Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields","issn_l":"0556-2821","issn":["0556-2821","1089-4918","1538-4500","1550-2368","1550-7998"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review D","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-th/9601104","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057239059","display_name":"Michael Crescimanno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6051-2046","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6051-2046"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99568074","display_name":"Berea College","ror":"https://ror.org/05kmcre68","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99568074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Crescimanno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Berea College, Berea, Kentucky 40404"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Berea College, Berea, Kentucky 40404","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99568074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032855356","display_name":"Stephen G. Naculich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3743-1755","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3743-1755"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99568074","display_name":"Berea College","ror":"https://ror.org/05kmcre68","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99568074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen G. Naculich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Berea College, Berea, Kentucky 40404"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Berea College, Berea, Kentucky 40404","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99568074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013526513","display_name":"Howard J. Schnitzer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7898-2855","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7898-2855"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99568074","display_name":"Berea College","ror":"https://ror.org/05kmcre68","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99568074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Howard J. Schnitzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Berea College, Berea, Kentucky 40404"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Berea College, Berea, Kentucky 40404","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99568074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99568074"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2309,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59418976,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"2","first_page":"1809","last_page":"1813"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10224","display_name":"Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions","score":0.7588000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10224","display_name":"Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions","score":0.7588000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.14329999685287476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.05490000173449516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-dimensional-yang-mills-theory","display_name":"two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-energy","display_name":"free energy","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weak-coupling-phase","display_name":"weak coupling phase","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-n-expansion","display_name":"1/N expansion","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-n-limit","display_name":"large N limit","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universality","display_name":"universality","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subleading-corrections","display_name":"subleading corrections","score":0.5109999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103766332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192873","display_name":"Yang\u2013Mills theory","level":3,"score":0.7932924032211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.5610671043395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27008004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078496","display_name":"Yang\u2013Mills existence and mass gap","level":3,"score":0.538742184638977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5357092618942261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181830111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214850","display_name":"Gauge theory","level":2,"score":0.533548891544342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.5255481004714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40976572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2330873","display_name":"Gauge (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.4611620604991913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4544643759727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4447844922542572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4257875680923462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779430453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15260871","display_name":"Gauge group","level":3,"score":0.42307716608047485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3802635073661804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.32203441858291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.19882431626319885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.1539628803730011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12212777137756348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.07244393229484558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevd.54.1809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.54.1809","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.54.1809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190737","display_name":"Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields","issn_l":"0556-2821","issn":["0556-2821","1089-4918","1538-4500","1550-2368","1550-7998"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review D","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10020854","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10020854","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical review. D, Particles and fields","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:hep-th/9601104","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9601104","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-th/9601104","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu:physics-faculty-publications-1152","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/physics-faculty-publications/153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196778","display_name":"Bowdoin - Digital Commons (Bowdoin College)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I135474949","host_organization_name":"Bowdoin College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135474949"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Physics Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:294533","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/294533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9601104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9601104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9601104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:hep-th/9601104","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9601104","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-th/9601104","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3140041069","display_name":"TAS::89 0222::TAS RESEARCH IN ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS","funder_award_id":"DEFG0292ER40706","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534413569","https://openalex.org/W1609331910","https://openalex.org/W1967247590","https://openalex.org/W1973451267","https://openalex.org/W1975097440","https://openalex.org/W1977684557","https://openalex.org/W1984363422","https://openalex.org/W1987139376","https://openalex.org/W2007426929","https://openalex.org/W2035386645","https://openalex.org/W2035829948","https://openalex.org/W2075419586","https://openalex.org/W2084894639","https://openalex.org/W2091467417","https://openalex.org/W2093630997","https://openalex.org/W2100378010","https://openalex.org/W2105472752","https://openalex.org/W2158923649","https://openalex.org/W2168372465","https://openalex.org/W2952373509","https://openalex.org/W3103450813","https://openalex.org/W3104441846","https://openalex.org/W4232627455"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2962755282","https://openalex.org/W2606876831","https://openalex.org/W3105183918","https://openalex.org/W1968438564","https://openalex.org/W3132534176","https://openalex.org/W2039154585","https://openalex.org/W2094685896","https://openalex.org/W3105631397","https://openalex.org/W2003635910","https://openalex.org/W2048069768"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"free":[1],"energy":[2],"in":[3,20,42,51,54],"the":[4,21,25,43],"weak-coupling":[5],"phase":[6],"of":[7,27,33],"two-dimensional":[8],"Yang-Mills":[9,34],"theory":[10,35],"on":[11],"a":[12],"sphere":[13],"for":[14],"$\\mathrm{SO}(N)$":[15],"and":[16,29],"$\\mathrm{Sp}(N)$":[17],"is":[18],"evaluated":[19],"$\\frac{1}{N}$":[22],"expansion":[23],"using":[24],"techniques":[26],"Gross":[28],"Matytsin.":[30],"Many":[31],"features":[32],"are":[36],"universal":[37],"among":[38],"different":[39],"gauge":[40],"groups":[41],"large":[44],"$N$":[45],"limit,":[46],"but":[47],"significant":[48],"differences":[49],"arise":[50],"subleading":[52],"order":[53],"$\\frac{1}{N}$.":[55]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
