{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2024920903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2014.67065","title":"Impact of Moringa oleifera Cake Residue Application on Waste Water Treatment: A Case Study","display_name":"Impact of Moringa oleifera Cake Residue Application on Waste Water Treatment: A Case Study","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2024920903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2014.67065","mag":"2024920903"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/jwarp.2014.67065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2014.67065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2014.67065","pdf_url":"https://content.scirp.org/pdf/jwarp_2014052215591543.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175274235","display_name":"Journal of Water Resource and Protection","issn_l":"1945-3094","issn":["1945-3094","1945-3108"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Water Resource and Protection","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://content.scirp.org/pdf/jwarp_2014052215591543.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069650632","display_name":"N. Ali Eman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102913810","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah","ror":"https://ror.org/01704wp68","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Ali Eman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering , University Malaysia Pahang , Kuantan , Malaysia","[Universiti Malaysia Pahang]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering , University Malaysia Pahang , Kuantan , Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Universiti Malaysia Pahang]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039710053","display_name":"Chaolin Tan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102913810","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah","ror":"https://ror.org/01704wp68","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. S. Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000417393","display_name":"Essam A. Makky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6352-933X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6352-933X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102913810","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah","ror":"https://ror.org/01704wp68","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. A. Makky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4823,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70345943,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"06","issue":"07","first_page":"677","last_page":"687"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11188","display_name":"Coagulation and Flocculation Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11188","display_name":"Coagulation and Flocculation Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14252","display_name":"Water and Wastewater Treatment","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11781","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-coagulants","display_name":"natural coagulants","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-treatment","display_name":"wastewater treatment","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbidity-removal","display_name":"turbidity removal","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-removal","display_name":"heavy metal removal","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-removal","display_name":"iron removal","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper-removal","display_name":"copper removal","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium-removal","display_name":"cadmium removal","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-removal","display_name":"lead removal","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-oxygen-demand","display_name":"chemical oxygen demand","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemical-oxygen-demand","display_name":"biochemical oxygen demand","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-cost-coagulant","display_name":"low-cost coagulant","score":0.5519999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7514438629150391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188287460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555857","display_name":"Chemical oxygen demand","level":3,"score":0.7156016230583191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310468","display_name":"Moringa","level":2,"score":0.6592226624488831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198302294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215624","display_name":"Biochemical oxygen demand","level":4,"score":0.5920717716217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64016661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898574","display_name":"Turbidity","level":2,"score":0.5706853270530701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.512741208076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129360787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2466917","display_name":"Total dissolved solids","level":2,"score":0.4853936433792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544657597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091","display_name":"Cadmium","level":2,"score":0.4581562280654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129513315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179615","display_name":"Salinity","level":2,"score":0.4112808108329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.4042869508266449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.3551585078239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.32538551092147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.21784928441047668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.09055623412132263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.08384090662002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08378079533576965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4236/jwarp.2014.67065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2014.67065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2014.67065","pdf_url":"https://content.scirp.org/pdf/jwarp_2014052215591543.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175274235","display_name":"Journal of Water Resource and Protection","issn_l":"1945-3094","issn":["1945-3094","1945-3108"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Water Resource and Protection","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:umpir.ump.edu.my:6122","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6122/1/fkksa-2014-eman-Impact_of_MoringaJWARP.pdf","pdf_url":"http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6122/1/fkksa-2014-eman-Impact_of_MoringaJWARP.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196561","display_name":"UMP Institutional Repository (Universiti Malaysia Pahang)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102913810","host_organization_name":"Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.995.2900","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.995.2900","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://file.scirp.org/pdf/JWARP_2014052215591543.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/jwarp.2014.67065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2014.67065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2014.67065","pdf_url":"https://content.scirp.org/pdf/jwarp_2014052215591543.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175274235","display_name":"Journal of Water Resource and Protection","issn_l":"1945-3094","issn":["1945-3094","1945-3108"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Water Resource and Protection","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323310","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Pahang","ror":"https://ror.org/01704wp68"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2024920903.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2024920903.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12126833","https://openalex.org/W114358407","https://openalex.org/W121613426","https://openalex.org/W152522078","https://openalex.org/W1536506561","https://openalex.org/W1902878048","https://openalex.org/W1986488568","https://openalex.org/W1987850690","https://openalex.org/W2032173217","https://openalex.org/W2033976204","https://openalex.org/W2064974203","https://openalex.org/W2070580148","https://openalex.org/W2076344399","https://openalex.org/W2086832781","https://openalex.org/W2088613698","https://openalex.org/W2107276158","https://openalex.org/W2161375016","https://openalex.org/W2163599779","https://openalex.org/W2211686553","https://openalex.org/W2565147008","https://openalex.org/W2588005661","https://openalex.org/W2590602093","https://openalex.org/W2744351368","https://openalex.org/W4242483839","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099890128","https://openalex.org/W3004848887","https://openalex.org/W4379231795","https://openalex.org/W3090424522","https://openalex.org/W3980741","https://openalex.org/W7171313659","https://openalex.org/W2886783649","https://openalex.org/W2560047399","https://openalex.org/W7216753096","https://openalex.org/W3216982155"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"of":[1,29,48,75,162,193,216],"water":[2,44,54,82],"treatments":[3],"require":[4],"higher":[5,10],"expenditure.":[6],"Chemical":[7],"coagulant":[8],"requires":[9],"cost":[11],"and":[12,52,59,129,145,166,182],"has":[13],"some":[14],"drawback":[15],"after":[16,60,171],"treatment":[17],"such":[18],"as":[19],"pH":[20],"changes.":[21],"Moringa":[22],"oleifera":[23],"cake":[24],"residue":[25],"(MOCR)":[26,65,77,200],"is":[27,158],"one":[28],"the":[30,72,76,213],"alternatives":[31],"to":[32,42,78,103,119,140,150,189,208],"replace":[33],"chemical":[34,125],"coagulant.":[35],"A":[36],"jar":[37],"test":[38],"apparatus":[39],"was":[40,56,66,93,111,176],"used":[41,80],"monitor":[43],"treatment.":[45,61,83,172],"Water":[46],"quality":[47],"Gebeng":[49],"River":[50],"(GR)":[51],"waste":[53],"(WW)":[55],"examined":[57],"before":[58],"Different":[62],"parameters":[63],"using":[64],"investigated.":[67],"Preliminary":[68],"laboratory":[69],"results":[70],"showed":[71],"great":[73],"potential":[74],"be":[79,202],"in":[81,89],"MOCR":[84],"shows":[85],"an":[86],"excellent":[87],"reduction":[88,192],"turbidity":[90],"(97":[91],"%":[92],"removed).":[94],"The":[95,173,191],"bacteria":[96],"were":[97,134,185],"reduced":[98],"from":[99,115,136,146],"1.7":[100],"\u00d7":[101,105],"105":[102],"8":[104],"103":[106],"CFU/ml.":[107],"Dissolved":[108],"oxygen":[109,126,131],"(DO)":[110],"improved":[112],"that":[113],"elevated":[114],"1.06":[116],"\u00b1":[117,121,138,142,148,152],"0.04":[118],"5.09":[120],"0.03":[122],"mg/L.":[123],"However,":[124],"demand":[127,132],"(COD)":[128],"biological":[130,214],"(BOD)":[133],"increased":[135],"520.5":[137],"0.71":[139],"865.0":[141],"2.12":[143,149,153],"mg/L":[144,154],"120.5":[147],"270.5":[151],"respectively.":[155],"Nevertheless,":[156],"there":[157],"no":[159],"significant":[160],"alteration":[161],"pH,":[163],"conductivity,":[164],"salinity":[165],"total":[167],"dissolved":[168],"solid":[169],"(TDS)":[170],"iron":[174],"(Fe)":[175],"fully":[177],"removed":[178,187],"while":[179],"copper":[180],"(Cu)":[181],"cadmium":[183],"(Cd)":[184],"successfully":[186],"up":[188,207],"98%.":[190],"lead":[194],"(Pb)":[195],"also":[196],"achieved":[197],"82.17%.":[198],"Also,":[199],"can":[201],"stored":[203],"for":[204],"long":[205],"time":[206],"6":[209],"months":[210],"without":[211],"affecting":[212],"properties":[215],"MO.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
