{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2024919510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0749.1992.tb00561.x","title":"Molecular Cascades in UV Induced Melanogenesis: A Central Role for Melanotropins?","display_name":"Molecular Cascades in UV Induced Melanogenesis: A Central Role for Melanotropins?","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2024919510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0749.1992.tb00561.x","mag":"2024919510","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1292019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.1992.tb00561.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0749.1992.tb00561.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0749.1992.tb00561.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180366410","display_name":"Pigment Cell Research","issn_l":"0893-5785","issn":["0893-5785","1600-0749"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pigment Cell Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107842157","display_name":"John M. Pawelek","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"JOHN M. PAWELEK","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074038790","display_name":"Ashok K. Chakraborty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8054-4574","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8054-4574"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ASHOK K. CHAKRABORTY","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033870588","display_name":"Michael P. Osber","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MICHAEL P. OSBER","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059394217","display_name":"Seth J. Orlow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2548-7380","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2548-7380"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086933","display_name":"NYU Langone Health","ror":"https://ror.org/005dvqh91","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SETH J. ORLOW","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Dermatology and Cell Biology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Dermatology and Cell Biology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086933","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090036043","display_name":"KENT K. MIN","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KENT K. MIN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076252106","display_name":"KEN E. ROSENZWEIG","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KEN E. ROSENZWEIG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054281368","display_name":"Jean L. Bolognia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JEAN L. BOLOGNIA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107842157"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4774,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50555556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"5","first_page":"348","last_page":"356"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11144","display_name":"melanin and skin pigmentation","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11144","display_name":"melanin and skin pigmentation","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11533","display_name":"Melanoma and MAPK Pathways","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11172","display_name":"Dermatologic Treatments and Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melanocyte-stimulating-hormone","display_name":"melanocyte-stimulating hormone","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melanocyte-stimulation","display_name":"melanocyte stimulation","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melanosome-transfer","display_name":"melanosome transfer","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keratinocytes","display_name":"keratinocytes","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidermal-basal-layer","display_name":"epidermal basal layer","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-pigmentation","display_name":"skin pigmentation","score":0.7739999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107538193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187526","display_name":"Melanin","level":2,"score":0.888399600982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94435474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065756","display_name":"Melanosome","level":3,"score":0.8878012299537659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776458125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1827343","display_name":"Epidermis (zoology)","level":2,"score":0.7328325510025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778024521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55639806","display_name":"Basal (medicine)","level":3,"score":0.5955407619476318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.5898259282112122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987742019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11391","display_name":"Ultraviolet radiation","level":2,"score":0.46093952655792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.43882113695144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987116853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11391","display_name":"Ultraviolet light","level":2,"score":0.429512083530426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4230322539806366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777074287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1473931","display_name":"Keratinocyte","level":3,"score":0.4229133129119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.40044069290161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.17655521631240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.15641772747039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.1428442895412445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.09336534142494202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75473681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188651","display_name":"Photochemistry","level":1,"score":0.06875497102737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177322064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750955","display_name":"Radiochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008543","descriptor_name":"Melanins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008544","descriptor_name":"Melanocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008544","descriptor_name":"Melanocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008544","descriptor_name":"Melanocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009074","descriptor_name":"Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012880","descriptor_name":"Skin Pigmentation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012880","descriptor_name":"Skin Pigmentation","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014466","descriptor_name":"Ultraviolet Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.1992.tb00561.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0749.1992.tb00561.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0749.1992.tb00561.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180366410","display_name":"Pigment Cell Research","issn_l":"0893-5785","issn":["0893-5785","1600-0749"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pigment Cell Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1292019","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1292019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pigment cell research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19985473","https://openalex.org/W44978744","https://openalex.org/W258360004","https://openalex.org/W1502355832","https://openalex.org/W1519510465","https://openalex.org/W1554961906","https://openalex.org/W1766528370","https://openalex.org/W1808321390","https://openalex.org/W1845287504","https://openalex.org/W1967390278","https://openalex.org/W1967629365","https://openalex.org/W1968073589","https://openalex.org/W1969481086","https://openalex.org/W1973195696","https://openalex.org/W1978948809","https://openalex.org/W1986035479","https://openalex.org/W1989317177","https://openalex.org/W1992792747","https://openalex.org/W1994062812","https://openalex.org/W2001349083","https://openalex.org/W2005817830","https://openalex.org/W2009367182","https://openalex.org/W2015631805","https://openalex.org/W2020828026","https://openalex.org/W2023893398","https://openalex.org/W2026967502","https://openalex.org/W2029699063","https://openalex.org/W2034841455","https://openalex.org/W2038692346","https://openalex.org/W2041859957","https://openalex.org/W2042875961","https://openalex.org/W2043258620","https://openalex.org/W2047402537","https://openalex.org/W2047494297","https://openalex.org/W2049390100","https://openalex.org/W2050212509","https://openalex.org/W2050763105","https://openalex.org/W2054868496","https://openalex.org/W2057242984","https://openalex.org/W2059287983","https://openalex.org/W2072855776","https://openalex.org/W2074870737","https://openalex.org/W2075378190","https://openalex.org/W2079401775","https://openalex.org/W2080559511","https://openalex.org/W2103832625","https://openalex.org/W2170535081","https://openalex.org/W2283361188","https://openalex.org/W2429880032","https://openalex.org/W4247719388","https://openalex.org/W6998566561"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031951021","https://openalex.org/W2072855776","https://openalex.org/W4246409265","https://openalex.org/W3148142967","https://openalex.org/W2027130055","https://openalex.org/W2121222760","https://openalex.org/W2064970762","https://openalex.org/W3012467554","https://openalex.org/W32180609","https://openalex.org/W2053977768"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"human":[1],"skin":[2,23,126],"is":[3,45,82,101,119],"exposed":[4],"to":[5,41,66,80,95,139],"ultraviolet":[6],"(UV)":[7],"light,":[8],"a":[9,154,163],"highly":[10],"complex":[11],"cascade":[12],"of":[13,51,58,74,76,88,115,132],"events":[14],"ensues":[15],"that":[16,38,105,120,135],"culminates,":[17],"among":[18],"other":[19],"things,":[20],"in":[21,48,54,91,124,156,166],"increased":[22],"melanin":[24],"content.":[25],"From":[26],"analyses":[27],"at":[28],"the":[29,49,55,59,72,86,113,125,128,141,167],"tissue":[30],"and":[31,61,148,150,159],"cellular":[32],"level,":[33],"it":[34],"has":[35],"been":[36],"shown":[37],"following":[39],"exposure":[40],"UV":[42,89,116,133],"light":[43,90],"there":[44,121],"an":[46],"increase":[47],"number":[50],"active":[52],"melanocytes":[53,63,79,147],"basal":[56],"layer":[57],"epidermis,":[60],"individual":[62],"are":[64,122,136],"stimulated":[65],"produce":[67],"more":[68],"melanin.":[69],"In":[70],"addition,":[71],"rate":[73],"transfer":[75],"melanosomes":[77],"from":[78],"keratinocytes":[81],"apparently":[83],"increased,":[84],"although":[85],"role":[87,165],"this":[92],"process":[93],"remains":[94],"be":[96],"demonstrated.":[97],"Recent":[98],"biochemical":[99],"evidence":[100,152],"reviewed":[102],"on":[103,117],"factors":[104],"regulate":[106],"these":[107],"processes.":[108],"A":[109],"plausible":[110],"explanation":[111],"for":[112,127],"effects":[114],"pigmentation":[118],"mechanisms":[123],"orderly,":[129],"regulated":[130],"reception":[131],"signals":[134,144],"then":[137],"transduced":[138],"initiate":[140],"cascade.":[142],"The":[143],"involve":[145],"both":[146],"keratinocytes,":[149],"available":[151],"supports":[153],"model":[155],"which":[157],"melanotropins":[158],"their":[160],"receptors":[161],"play":[162],"central":[164],"process.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}