{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2024908874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.10r06823","title":"Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Schizophrenia","display_name":"Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Schizophrenia","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2024908874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.10r06823","mag":"2024908874","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22225599"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4088/jcp.10r06823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.10r06823","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.10r06823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17992710","display_name":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","issn_l":"0160-6689","issn":["0160-6689","1534-8628","1555-2101"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322614534","host_organization_name":"Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614534"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035580474","display_name":"Iris E. Sommer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5597-3262","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5597-3262","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2682-5313"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018483916","display_name":"University Medical Center Utrecht","ror":"https://ror.org/0575yy874","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018483916"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iris E. Sommer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroscience Department, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands i.sommer@umcutrecht.nl"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscience Department, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands i.sommer@umcutrecht.nl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018483916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068003187","display_name":"Lot D. de Witte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7235-9958","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7235-9958"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lot de Witte","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007639772","display_name":"Marieke Begemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6448-2799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6448-2799"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marieke Begemann","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031613969","display_name":"Ren\u00e9 S. Kahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5909-8004","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5909-8004","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9662-4445"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren\u00e9 S. Kahn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.2287,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":182,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.990745,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"04","first_page":"414","last_page":"419"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11337","display_name":"Tryptophan and brain disorders","score":0.017999999225139618,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2803","display_name":"Biological Psychiatry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11071","display_name":"Treatment of Major Depression","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia","display_name":"schizophrenia","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs","display_name":"nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antipsychotic-augmentation","display_name":"antipsychotic augmentation","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/celecoxib","display_name":"celecoxib","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ibuprofen","display_name":"ibuprofen","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diclofenac","display_name":"diclofenac","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naproxen-sodium","display_name":"naproxen sodium","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aspirin","display_name":"aspirin","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symptom-severity","display_name":"symptom severity","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-symptoms","display_name":"positive symptoms","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-symptoms","display_name":"negative symptoms","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-and-negative-syndrome-scale","display_name":"PANSS","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/somatic-comorbidity","display_name":"somatic comorbidity","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-mortality","display_name":"cardiac mortality","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-mortality","display_name":"cancer mortality","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia-spectrum-disorders","display_name":"schizophrenia spectrum disorders","score":0.6309999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.707786500453949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776467144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408801","display_name":"Celecoxib","level":2,"score":0.6802541017532349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780494398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208144","display_name":"Antipsychotic","level":3,"score":0.6730244159698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6670803427696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780135775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233251","display_name":"Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale","level":3,"score":0.6308774948120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.6034709215164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.5740151405334473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779826273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244408","display_name":"Diclofenac","level":2,"score":0.5694654583930969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5414808392524719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.5108096599578857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.42910507321357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779727114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170082","display_name":"Psychosis","level":2,"score":0.29523569345474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.22227171063423157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.1014074981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.07713264226913452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000894","descriptor_name":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000894","descriptor_name":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000894","descriptor_name":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000894","descriptor_name":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000894","descriptor_name":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000894","descriptor_name":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004359","descriptor_name":"Drug Therapy, Combination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004359","descriptor_name":"Drug Therapy, Combination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004359","descriptor_name":"Drug Therapy, Combination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011569","descriptor_name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011569","descriptor_name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011569","descriptor_name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014150","descriptor_name":"Antipsychotic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014150","descriptor_name":"Antipsychotic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014150","descriptor_name":"Antipsychotic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014150","descriptor_name":"Antipsychotic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014150","descriptor_name":"Antipsychotic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014150","descriptor_name":"Antipsychotic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4088/jcp.10r06823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.10r06823","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.10r06823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17992710","display_name":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","issn_l":"0160-6689","issn":["0160-6689","1534-8628","1555-2101"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322614534","host_organization_name":"Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614534"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22225599","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22225599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of clinical psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-Analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140440803","https://openalex.org/W2394011243","https://openalex.org/W2298142026","https://openalex.org/W3027994164","https://openalex.org/W3152802563","https://openalex.org/W2105341770","https://openalex.org/W2558664662","https://openalex.org/W2257253136","https://openalex.org/W2223438806","https://openalex.org/W2161097107"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Mounting":[1],"evidence":[2,14],"suggests":[3],"that":[4,16,292,353],"inflammation":[5],"is":[6,323],"involved":[7],"in":[8,24,68,193,253,305,348,357],"the":[9,30,56,71,92,120,150,154,190,197,214,265,279,310,319,339],"pathogenesis":[10],"of":[11,32,59,74,94,131,143,153,159,213,244,255,276,342,355,364],"schizophrenia.":[12,25,306,349],"This":[13,26],"implies":[15],"anti-inflammatory":[17,34,86],"agents":[18],"are":[19,309],"potentially":[20,298],"useful":[21,299],"therapeutic":[22],"strategies":[23],"article":[27],"quantitatively":[28],"summarizes":[29],"efficacy":[31],"nonsteroidal":[33,85],"drugs":[35],"(NSAIDs)":[36],"to":[37,41,149,168,301],"augment":[38],"antipsychotic":[39,132,365],"treatment":[40,366],"reduce":[42,302],"schizophrenia":[43,145,358],"symptom":[44,211,259,263,303],"severity.":[45,260],"DATA":[46,183],"SOURCES:":[47],"An":[48],"electronic":[49],"search":[50,80],"was":[51,189,247,269,283],"performed":[52],"using":[53],"MEDLINE,":[54],"Embase,":[55],"National":[57],"Institutes":[58],"Health":[60],"Web":[61],"site":[62],"clinicaltrials.gov,":[63],"Cochrane":[64,72],"Schizophrenia":[65],"Group":[66],"entries":[67],"PsiTri,":[69],"and":[70,88,102,156,162,199,209,233,318,345,367],"Database":[73],"Systematic":[75],"Reviews.":[76],"The":[77,185],"following":[78,121],"basic":[79],"terms":[81],"were":[82,115],"used:":[83],"schizophrenia,":[84],"drug,":[87],"NSAID":[89,97,293],"together":[90],"with":[91,134,330,334],"name":[93],"each":[95],"specific":[96],"(ibuprofen,":[98],"diclofenac,":[99],"naproxen":[100],"sodium,":[101],"acetylsalicylic":[103,236,335],"acid).":[104],"We":[105,217,238,350],"applied":[106,231],"no":[107],"year":[108],"or":[109,174],"language":[110],"restrictions.":[111],"STUDY":[112],"SELECTION:":[113],"Studies":[114],"selected":[116],"if":[117],"they":[118],"met":[119],"inclusion":[122],"criteria:":[123],"(1)":[124],"randomized,":[125,222],"double-blind,":[126,221],"placebo-controlled":[127,223],"trials":[128],"regarding":[129],"augmentation":[130,294,333,363],"medication":[133],"an":[135],"NSAID,":[136],"(2)":[137],"patients":[138],"included":[139,207,320],"had":[140],"a":[141,144,240,297,314],"diagnosis":[142],"spectrum":[146],"disorder":[147],"according":[148],"diagnostic":[151],"criteria":[152],"Diagnostic":[155],"Statistical":[157],"Manual":[158],"Mental":[160],"Disorders,":[161],"(3)":[163],"studies":[164,230,312],"reported":[165],"sufficient":[166],"information":[167],"compute":[169],"common":[170],"effect":[171,242],"size":[172,243,322],"statistics,":[173],"corresponding":[175],"authors":[176],"could":[177,218,295],"supply":[178],"these":[179,308,325],"data":[180],"upon":[181],"request.":[182],"EXTRACTION:":[184],"primary":[186],"outcome":[187,205],"measure":[188],"mean":[191,241,266,280],"change":[192],"total":[194,258],"score":[195],"on":[196,226,257,313],"Positive":[198],"Negative":[200],"Syndrome":[201],"Scale":[202],"(PANSS).":[203],"Secondary":[204],"measures":[206],"positive":[208,262],"negative":[210,277],"subscores":[212],"PANSS.":[215],"RESULTS:":[216],"include":[219],"5":[220],"trials,":[224],"reporting":[225],"264":[227],"patients.":[228],"Four":[229],"celecoxib,":[232],"1":[234],"used":[235],"acid.":[237],"found":[239],"0.43,":[245],"which":[246],"significant":[248],"at":[249],"P":[250],"=":[251,272,286],".02":[252],"favor":[254],"NSAIDs":[256,356],"For":[261,274],"severity,":[264],"standardized":[267,281],"difference":[268,282],"0.34":[270],"(P":[271,285],".02).":[273],"severity":[275,304],"symptoms":[278],"0.26":[284],".03).":[287],"CONCLUSIONS:":[288],"These":[289],"results":[290,326],"suggest":[291],"be":[296,328],"strategy":[300,317],"As":[307],"first":[311],"relatively":[315],"new":[316],"sample":[321],"modest,":[324],"should":[327],"interpreted":[329],"caution.":[331],"However,":[332],"acid":[336],"may":[337],"have":[338],"additional":[340],"benefit":[341],"reducing":[343,368],"cardiac":[344],"cancer":[346],"mortality":[347],"therefore":[351],"believe":[352],"application":[354],"deserves":[359],"further":[360],"investigation":[361],"as":[362],"comorbid":[369],"somatic":[370],"diseases.":[371]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}