{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2024747271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpas.1981.316640","title":"Analysis of Grounding Systems","display_name":"Analysis of Grounding Systems","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2024747271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpas.1981.316640","mag":"2024747271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpas.1981.316640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpas.1981.316640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpas.1981.316640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35391503","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems","issn_l":"0018-9510","issn":["0018-9510"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082252730","display_name":"A. P. Sakis Meliopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0497","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0497"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Meliopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","School of Electrical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054775113","display_name":"Roger P Webb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9557-5207","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9557-5207"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Webb","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","School of Electrical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111550028","display_name":"Edward Bennett Joy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Joy","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","School of Electrical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9929,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82832532,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"PAS-100","issue":"3","first_page":"1039","last_page":"1048"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.9082000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.9082000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14502","display_name":"High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems","score":0.023600000888109207,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.019300000742077827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grounding-systems","display_name":"grounding systems","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalent-circuit-model","display_name":"equivalent circuit model","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modified-nodal-analysis","display_name":"modified nodal analysis","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/touch-voltage","display_name":"touch voltage","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/step-voltage","display_name":"step voltage","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tower-grounding-resistance","display_name":"tower grounding resistance","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-system-faults","display_name":"power system faults","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-reduction","display_name":"model reduction","score":0.9129999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168993435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501125","display_name":"Ground","level":2,"score":0.8669810891151428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78779171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432571","display_name":"Earthing system","level":3,"score":0.810966968536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202374169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124291","display_name":"Electrical conductor","level":2,"score":0.5656555891036987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5590022802352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32946077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618079","display_name":"Network analysis","level":2,"score":0.5230770707130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5086368322372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23572009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964981","display_name":"Equivalent circuit","level":3,"score":0.4990706443786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777831296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12518","display_name":"Tower","level":2,"score":0.4751329720020294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4700808823108673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4379101097583771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.41867950558662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196796808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132629","display_name":"Electrical network","level":2,"score":0.41779589653015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.39050695300102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.36562788486480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34794551134109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.29574036598205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1980472207069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16873988509178162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.14307168126106262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11707988381385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.11156925559043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpas.1981.316640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpas.1981.316640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpas.1981.316640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35391503","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems","issn_l":"0018-9510","issn":["0018-9510"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965597675","https://openalex.org/W1967270643","https://openalex.org/W1968047262","https://openalex.org/W1981508904","https://openalex.org/W1991146658","https://openalex.org/W2000349754","https://openalex.org/W2023512705","https://openalex.org/W2025157133","https://openalex.org/W2044601732","https://openalex.org/W2070731979","https://openalex.org/W2074113726","https://openalex.org/W2122131499","https://openalex.org/W2130646127","https://openalex.org/W2166205398","https://openalex.org/W4242609991"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164408506","https://openalex.org/W1981477416","https://openalex.org/W4252036465","https://openalex.org/W2113356365","https://openalex.org/W2359220727","https://openalex.org/W2539208901","https://openalex.org/W2157873976","https://openalex.org/W2064341574","https://openalex.org/W1996926336","https://openalex.org/W2052070588"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"general":[1],"methodology":[2,123],"for":[3],"the":[4,26,47,61,119,127],"analysis":[5,64,70,120,134],"of":[6,25,38,71,77,84,91,129],"electrical":[7],"grounding":[8,73,105,132],"systems":[9,74,106],"is":[10,13,33,58,124],"presented.":[11],"Earth":[12],"represented":[14],"as":[15],"a":[16,53,130],"two":[17],"layer":[18],"semiinfinite":[19],"region.":[20],"An":[21],"equivalent":[22,42],"circuit":[23,43],"model":[24,112],"earth":[27],"embedded":[28],"electrodes":[29],"and":[30,75,80],"conductive":[31],"soil":[32],"developed":[34],"via":[35,60],"numerical":[36],"lution":[37],"Laplace":[39],"equations.":[40],"The":[41,66,122],"model,":[44],"together":[45],"with":[46,126],"electric":[48],"power":[49],"system":[50,92,133],"network,":[51],"represents":[52],"large":[54],"scale":[55],"network":[56],"which":[57],"solved":[59],"modified":[62],"nodal":[63],"method.":[65,121],"procedure":[67],"enables":[68],"accurate":[69],"complicated":[72],"computation":[76],"touch,":[78],"step":[79],"transfer":[81],"voltages.":[82],"Effects":[83],"tower":[85],"footing":[86],"resistance,":[87],"counterpoised":[88],"wires,":[89],"types":[90],"faults":[93],"(phase":[94],"to":[95,98],"ground,":[96],"line":[97],"line,":[99],"etc.)":[100],"can":[101,107,115],"be":[102,108,116],"analyzed.":[103],"Practical":[104],"easily":[109],"analyzed":[110],"because":[111],"reduction":[113],"techniques":[114],"incorporated":[117],"in":[118],"demonstrated":[125],"study":[128],"nontrivial":[131],"problem.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}