{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2024518622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/02644401211235834","title":"Bat algorithm: a novel approach for global engineering optimization","display_name":"Bat algorithm: a novel approach for global engineering optimization","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2024518622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/02644401211235834","mag":"2024518622"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/02644401211235834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/02644401211235834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/02644401211235834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S607880","display_name":"Engineering Computations","issn_l":"0264-4401","issn":["0264-4401","1758-7077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering Computations","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1211.6663","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009930587","display_name":"Xin\u2010She Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8231-5556","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8231-5556"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134421475","display_name":"National Physical Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/015w2mp89","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134421475"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin\u2010She Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics and Scientific Computing, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics and Scientific Computing, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134421475"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039341855","display_name":"Amir H. Gandomi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2798-0104","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2798-0104"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9570713","display_name":"Tafresh University","ror":"https://ror.org/040f6ar92","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9570713"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Hossein Gandomi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Tafresh University, Tafresh, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Tafresh University, Tafresh, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9570713"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":71.3879,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1957,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9995933,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"5","first_page":"464","last_page":"483"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11228","display_name":"Bat Biology and Ecology Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bat-algorithm","display_name":"bat algorithm","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic-optimization","display_name":"metaheuristic optimization","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nature-inspired-algorithms","display_name":"bio-inspired algorithms","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echolocation","display_name":"echolocation","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-optimization","display_name":"global optimization","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-design-optimization","display_name":"engineering design optimization","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm-comparison","display_name":"algorithm comparison","score":0.6019999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.757099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110850998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5377895","display_name":"Engineering optimization","level":3,"score":0.6780999898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6215999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167954536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1920844","display_name":"Human echolocation","level":2,"score":0.5475999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5067999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4916999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164752517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570875","display_name":"Global optimization","level":2,"score":0.45509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122357587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934508","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","level":3,"score":0.44929999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5351157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4868485","display_name":"Bat algorithm","level":3,"score":0.43529999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4935549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822261","display_name":"Meta-optimization","level":3,"score":0.42419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139143892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7441615","display_name":"Search-based software engineering","level":5,"score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28442783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3354474","display_name":"Multidisciplinary design optimization","level":3,"score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29282572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16977029","display_name":"Derivative-free optimization","level":4,"score":0.36809998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115527620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769909","display_name":"Nonlinear programming","level":3,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92995354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165499","display_name":"Continuous optimization","level":4,"score":0.319599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28767586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135006","display_name":"Parallel metaheuristic","level":4,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188919014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422296","display_name":"Extremal optimization","level":4,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150185637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705773","display_name":"Test functions for optimization","level":4,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34972735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920267","display_name":"Engineering design process","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82691427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4291856","display_name":"Pattern search","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/02644401211235834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/02644401211235834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/02644401211235834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S607880","display_name":"Engineering Computations","issn_l":"0264-4401","issn":["0264-4401","1758-7077"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering Computations","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1211.6663","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1211.6663","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1211.6663","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.mdx.ac.uk:9539","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/9539/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400025","display_name":"Middlesex University Research Repository (Middlesex University Of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60488453","host_organization_name":"Middlesex University London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1211.6663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1211.6663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1211.6663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1211.6663","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1211.6663","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1211.6663","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2024518622.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2024518622.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11974643","https://openalex.org/W25394682","https://openalex.org/W59769033","https://openalex.org/W145413376","https://openalex.org/W1538045029","https://openalex.org/W1562515403","https://openalex.org/W1586313000","https://openalex.org/W1596914020","https://openalex.org/W1608815819","https://openalex.org/W1965802006","https://openalex.org/W1968964058","https://openalex.org/W1969246162","https://openalex.org/W1975671633","https://openalex.org/W1980843902","https://openalex.org/W1983171717","https://openalex.org/W1985334587","https://openalex.org/W1986347382","https://openalex.org/W1991204511","https://openalex.org/W1993885071","https://openalex.org/W1994272857","https://openalex.org/W2002010958","https://openalex.org/W2002713790","https://openalex.org/W2003890325","https://openalex.org/W2004061489","https://openalex.org/W2006694777","https://openalex.org/W2007351764","https://openalex.org/W2008855201","https://openalex.org/W2009607292","https://openalex.org/W2011556650","https://openalex.org/W2012115555","https://openalex.org/W2019127451","https://openalex.org/W2022585530","https://openalex.org/W2023452756","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2038437188","https://openalex.org/W2038659300","https://openalex.org/W2039943339","https://openalex.org/W2040966714","https://openalex.org/W2041869282","https://openalex.org/W2042594698","https://openalex.org/W2046175827","https://openalex.org/W2051770132","https://openalex.org/W2053498776","https://openalex.org/W2059399760","https://openalex.org/W2060986680","https://openalex.org/W2067959852","https://openalex.org/W2069509594","https://openalex.org/W2070487570","https://openalex.org/W2073732216","https://openalex.org/W2075988319","https://openalex.org/W2083000360","https://openalex.org/W2086877268","https://openalex.org/W2090339385","https://openalex.org/W2090637840","https://openalex.org/W2091498568","https://openalex.org/W2093400430","https://openalex.org/W2093505886","https://openalex.org/W2097956647","https://openalex.org/W2104324382","https://openalex.org/W2123158146","https://openalex.org/W2126409366","https://openalex.org/W2134903193","https://openalex.org/W2145479420","https://openalex.org/W2146439308","https://openalex.org/W2151339633","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2152978141","https://openalex.org/W2155545653","https://openalex.org/W2161029074","https://openalex.org/W2165299997","https://openalex.org/W2526705527","https://openalex.org/W2579436538","https://openalex.org/W2613176274","https://openalex.org/W2963103847","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4388385029"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4247637088","https://openalex.org/W1899736123","https://openalex.org/W2012115555","https://openalex.org/W7045519836","https://openalex.org/W2368058335","https://openalex.org/W2375282699","https://openalex.org/W2951616811","https://openalex.org/W7067550204","https://openalex.org/W1995688410","https://openalex.org/W2768367920"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"Nature\u2010inspired":[1],"algorithms":[2,8],"are":[3,107,125,133],"among":[4],"the":[5,41,66,91,104,110,115],"most":[6],"powerful":[7],"for":[9,29,79,130],"optimization.":[10],"The":[11,35,99,118],"purpose":[12],"of":[13,44,52],"this":[14],"paper":[15],"is":[16,38,56],"to":[17],"introduce":[18],"a":[19,47,85],"new":[20],"nature\u2010inspired":[21],"metaheuristic":[22],"optimization":[23,32,62,78,82],"algorithm,":[24],"called":[25],"bat":[26],"algorithm":[27,93,106],"(BA),":[28],"solving":[30],"engineering":[31,61],"tasks.":[33],"Design/methodology/approach":[34],"proposed":[36,92,105],"BA":[37,55,70,124],"based":[39],"on":[40],"echolocation":[42],"behavior":[43],"bats.":[45],"After":[46],"detailed":[48],"formulation":[49],"and":[50,75,94,127],"explanation":[51],"its":[53],"implementation,":[54],"verified":[57],"using":[58],"eight":[59,80],"nonlinear":[60],"problems":[63],"reported":[64],"in":[65,123,136],"specialized":[67],"literature.":[68],"Findings":[69],"has":[71,87],"been":[72,88],"carefully":[73],"implemented":[74],"carried":[76],"out":[77],"well\u2010known":[81],"tasks;":[83],"then":[84],"comparison":[86],"made":[89],"between":[90],"other":[95],"existing":[96,116],"algorithms.":[97],"Originality/value":[98],"optimal":[100],"solutions":[101,112],"obtained":[102,113],"by":[103,114],"better":[108],"than":[109],"best":[111],"methods.":[117],"unique":[119],"search":[120],"features":[121],"used":[122],"analyzed,":[126],"their":[128],"implications":[129],"future":[131],"research":[132],"also":[134],"discussed":[135],"detail.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":81},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":170},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":207},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":220},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":199},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":195},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":153},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":139},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":143},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":101},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":100},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":98},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}