{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2023807338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/335565","title":"Comparative Volatility of Various Forms of 2,4-D","display_name":"Comparative Volatility of Various Forms of 2,4-D","publication_year":1949,"publication_date":"1949-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2023807338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/335565","mag":"2023807338"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/335565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/335565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/335565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192124398","display_name":"Botanical Gazette","issn_l":"0006-8071","issn":["0006-8071","1940-1205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Botanical Gazette","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076854921","display_name":"Paul C. Marth","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul C. Marth","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103492093","display_name":"John William. Mitchell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John W. Mitchell","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.76,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79594976,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"110","issue":"4","first_page":"632","last_page":"636"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":0.7348999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":0.7348999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11180","display_name":"Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies","score":0.25609999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11423","display_name":"Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2-4-d","display_name":"2,4-D","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbicide-volatility","display_name":"herbicide volatility","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2-4-d-ester","display_name":"2,4-D ester","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2-4-d-sodium-salt","display_name":"2,4-D sodium salt","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-growth-regulation","display_name":"plant growth regulation","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epinasty","display_name":"epinasty","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bud-inhibition","display_name":"bud inhibition","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-solubilization","display_name":"oil solubilization","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diesel-fuel","display_name":"diesel fuel","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/castor-oil","display_name":"castor oil","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kerosene","display_name":"kerosene","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beans","display_name":"beans","score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomato","display_name":"tomato","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7810508608818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5413467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7939996","display_name":"Volatilisation","level":2,"score":0.6322050094604492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91602232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756115","display_name":"Volatility (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5421441793441772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104264131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898637","display_name":"Isopropyl","level":2,"score":0.5405775904655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.46858710050582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777449572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414196","display_name":"Diethylamine","level":2,"score":0.4166392683982849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/335565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/335565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/335565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192124398","display_name":"Botanical Gazette","issn_l":"0006-8071","issn":["0006-8071","1940-1205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Botanical Gazette","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.4359000027179718,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7215146645","https://openalex.org/W2947072168","https://openalex.org/W3008432464","https://openalex.org/W2269116275","https://openalex.org/W2947116602","https://openalex.org/W2947788105","https://openalex.org/W2313644997","https://openalex.org/W2796580287","https://openalex.org/W2947928324","https://openalex.org/W2066560065"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"1.":[0],"Young":[1,237],"rapidly":[2],"growing":[3],"bean":[4],"and":[5,13,21,24,46,85,114,138,141,156,173,225,257,284],"tomato":[6],"plants":[7,239,270],"were":[8,44,76,119,124,241],"inclosed":[9,242],"in":[10,29,54,170,174,183,196,234,254],"bell":[11],"jars":[12],"cellophane":[14],"cases":[15],"together":[16],"with":[17,57,249],"2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic":[18],"acid":[19,28],"(2,4-D)":[20],"various":[22,191],"salts":[23],"esters":[25,122,209],"of":[26,32,36,41,48,80,82,87,102,117,207,246,274],"this":[27,103],"a":[30,244],"study":[31],"the":[33,42,58,78,83,88,95,100,108,146,152,164,178,190,205,208,250,275],"relative":[34,184],"volatility":[35,185],"these":[37],"herbicides.":[38],"Pure":[39],"forms":[40,116],"chemicals":[43,84],"used,":[45],"none":[47],"them":[49],"was":[50,210],"permitted":[51],"to":[52,159,177,260,263,272],"come":[53],"direct":[55],"contact":[56],"test":[59,96,107,147,238],"plants.":[60,97,148],"Any":[61],"plant":[62],"growth-regulating":[63],"effects,":[64,72,267],"such":[65,199,215],"as":[66,200,216],"epinasty,":[67],"bud":[68],"inhibition,":[69],"or":[70,203,223],"formative":[71,280],"that":[73,123,240],"subsequently":[74],"developed":[75,278],"accordingly":[77],"result":[79],"vaporization":[81],"movement":[86],"vapors":[89,273],"through":[90],"rather":[91,104],"static":[92],"air":[93],"onto":[94],"2.":[98],"On":[99],"basis":[101],"sensitive":[105],"biological":[106],"acid,":[109],"sodium":[110],"salt,":[111,113],"triethanolamine":[112],"amide":[115],"2,4-D":[118],"nonvolatile.":[120],"All":[121],"tested":[125],"(the":[126],"methyl,":[127,153],"ethyl,":[128,154],"butyl,":[129,155],"isobutyl,":[130],"amyl,":[131],"isoamyl,":[132],"isopropyl,":[133,157],"allyl,":[134],"phenyl,":[135],"beta-chloroethyl,":[136],"n-octyl,":[137],"octadecyl)":[139],"volatilized":[140],"produced":[142],"growth":[143,266],"effects":[144,281],"on":[145,282],"Certain":[149],"esters,":[150],"namely,":[151],"appeared":[158],"be":[160,187],"more":[161],"volatile":[162],"than":[163],"others":[165],"tested;":[166],"but,":[167],"when":[168],"present":[169],"high":[171],"concentrations":[172],"close":[175],"proximity":[176],"plants,":[179],"very":[180,229],"little":[181,230],"difference":[182],"could":[186],"detected":[188],"among":[189],"esters.":[192],"3.":[193],"When":[194],"dissolved":[195,253],"certain":[197],"oils,":[198,214],"diesel,":[201],"corn,":[202],"cottonseed,":[204],"volatilization":[206],"greatly":[211],"reduced.":[212],"Other":[213],"Varsol,":[217],"kerosene,":[218],"motor":[219],"oil":[220,256],"(S.A.E.":[221],"20":[222],"50),":[224],"castor":[226],"oil,":[227],"had":[228],"effect,":[231],"if":[232],"any,":[233],"reducing":[235],"volatilization.":[236],"for":[243],"period":[245],"1":[247],"week":[248],"octadecyl":[251],"ester":[252,276],"diesel":[255],"then":[258],"grown":[259],"flowering":[261],"failed":[262],"show":[264],"any":[265],"while":[268],"comparable":[269],"subjected":[271],"alone":[277],"severe":[279],"leaves":[283],"stems.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}