{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2022613636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.560283","title":"Comparison of registration techniques for speckle suppression in 2D ladar image sequences","display_name":"Comparison of registration techniques for speckle suppression in 2D ladar image sequences","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2022613636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.560283","mag":"2022613636"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.560283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.560283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.560283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009916406","display_name":"Adam MacDonald","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam MacDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Institute of Technology (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036733924","display_name":"Ernest E. Armstrong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ernest Armstrong","raw_affiliation_strings":["OptiMetrics, Inc. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OptiMetrics, Inc. (United States)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007924903","display_name":"Stephen C. Cain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-5594","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-5594"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen C. Cain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Institute of Technology (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0098,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73686364,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5558","issue":null,"first_page":"202","last_page":"202"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12983","display_name":"Satellite Image Processing and Photogrammetry","score":0.4099000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12983","display_name":"Satellite Image Processing and Photogrammetry","score":0.4099000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.1265999972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.0502999983727932,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-registration","display_name":"image registration","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-reduction","display_name":"speckle reduction","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-correlation-function","display_name":"cross correlation function","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-matching","display_name":"block matching","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/registration-error","display_name":"registration error","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/execution-time","display_name":"execution time","score":0.5389999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.775496244430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166704113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861092","display_name":"Image registration","level":3,"score":0.738452136516571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6978681683540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6173474788665771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.5993381142616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.585745096206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5719202160835266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102290492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle pattern","level":2,"score":0.5398344993591309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163018871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1302587","display_name":"Cross-correlation","level":2,"score":0.4565015733242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3845929503440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15730589628219604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10480281710624695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.560283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.560283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.560283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983598973","https://openalex.org/W213859475","https://openalex.org/W7096825717","https://openalex.org/W2005170034","https://openalex.org/W2169042200","https://openalex.org/W2075181332","https://openalex.org/W1985779599","https://openalex.org/W2104226085","https://openalex.org/W2621765245","https://openalex.org/W4254224515"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Registration":[0],"of":[1,11,21,24,53,56,72,86,111,115,189],"individual":[2],"images":[3,13,55],"remains":[4],"a":[5,36,127],"significant":[6,181],"problem":[7],"in":[8,113],"the":[9,22,43,68,131,153,162,174,186,190],"generation":[10],"accurate":[12],"collected":[14,34,61,80],"using":[15,32],"coherent":[16,37],"imaging":[17,39],"systems.":[18],"An":[19],"investigation":[20],"performance":[23,112],"eight":[25,122],"distinct":[26,58],"image":[27,116],"registration":[28,187],"algorithms":[29,96,123,136],"was":[30,79,150],"conducted":[31],"data":[33],"from":[35],"optical":[38],"system":[40],"developed":[41,100],"by":[42,62,101],"Air":[44,69],"Force":[45,70],"Research":[46],"Laboratories,":[47],"Sensors":[48],"Division,":[49],"ARFL/SNJT.":[50],"A":[51],"total":[52],"400":[54],"three":[57],"scenes":[59],"were":[60,99,124],"SRJT":[63],"and":[64,83,91,103,107,118,146,156,168],"made":[65],"available":[66],"to":[67,172],"Institute":[71],"Technology":[73],"(AFIT)":[74],"for":[75],"this":[76],"study.":[77],"Scenery":[78],"at":[81,105],"3":[82],"10":[84],"kilometers":[85],"wheeled":[87],"vehicles":[88],"supporting":[89],"resolution":[90],"uniform":[92],"target":[93],"boards.":[94],"The":[95,135,166],"under":[97],"study":[98],"scientists":[102],"engineers":[104],"AFRL,":[106],"had":[108,161],"varying":[109],"levels":[110],"terms":[114],"mis-registration":[117],"execution":[119,176],"time.":[120],"These":[121],"implemented":[125],"on":[126],"general-purpose":[128],"computer":[129],"running":[130],"MATLAB":[132],"simulation":[133],"environment.":[134],"compared":[137],"included:":[138],"block-match,":[139],"cross-correlation,":[140,154],"cross-search,":[141],"directional-search,":[142],"gradient-based,":[143],"hierarchical-block,":[144],"three-step,":[145],"vector-block":[147,157,167],"methods.":[148],"It":[149],"found":[151],"that":[152],"gradient-based":[155],"search":[158],"techniques":[159],"typically":[160],"lowest":[163],"error":[164,182],"metric.":[165],"cross-correlation":[169],"methods":[170],"proved":[171],"have":[173],"fastest":[175],"times,":[177],"while":[178],"not":[179],"suffering":[180],"degradation":[183],"when":[184],"estimating":[185],"shift":[188],"test":[191],"images.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
