{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2021993340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600010019x","title":"Time of Salt Stress Affects Growth and Yield Components of Irrigated Wheat","display_name":"Time of Salt Stress Affects Growth and Yield Components of Irrigated Wheat","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2021993340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600010019x","mag":"2021993340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600010019x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600010019x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600010019x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139950591","display_name":"Agronomy Journal","issn_l":"0002-1962","issn":["0002-1962","1072-9623","1435-0645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103569340","display_name":"Leland E. Francois","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148676","display_name":"U.S. Salinity Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp5vm71","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210094889","https://openalex.org/I4210148676"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leland E. Francois","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA\u2010ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory 4500 Glenwood Dr. Riverside CA 92501"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA\u2010ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory 4500 Glenwood Dr. Riverside CA 92501","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148676"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113674852","display_name":"Catherine M. Grieve","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148676","display_name":"U.S. Salinity Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp5vm71","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210094889","https://openalex.org/I4210148676"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine M. Grieve","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA\u2010ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory 4500 Glenwood Dr. Riverside CA 92501"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA\u2010ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory 4500 Glenwood Dr. Riverside CA 92501","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148676"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035514214","display_name":"Eugene V. Maas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148676","display_name":"U.S. Salinity Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp5vm71","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210094889","https://openalex.org/I4210148676"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugene V. Maas","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA\u2010ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory 4500 Glenwood Dr. Riverside CA 92501"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA\u2010ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory 4500 Glenwood Dr. Riverside CA 92501","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148676"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078467361","display_name":"Scott M. Lesch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148676","display_name":"U.S. Salinity Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp5vm71","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210094889","https://openalex.org/I4210148676"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott M. Lesch","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA\u2010ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory 4500 Glenwood Dr. Riverside CA 92501"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA\u2010ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory 4500 Glenwood Dr. Riverside CA 92501","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148676"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103569340"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148676"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5234,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81432728,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"86","issue":"1","first_page":"100","last_page":"107"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10014","display_name":"Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance","score":0.9053000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10014","display_name":"Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance","score":0.9053000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.03920000046491623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11229","display_name":"Genetics and Plant Breeding","score":0.010499999858438969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salt-stress","display_name":"salt stress","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat","display_name":"wheat","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saline-water-irrigation","display_name":"saline water irrigation","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salt-tolerance","display_name":"salt tolerance","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-stages","display_name":"growth stages","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield-components","display_name":"yield components","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-yield","display_name":"grain yield","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spikelet-number","display_name":"spikelet number","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-weight","display_name":"grain weight","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tillering","display_name":"tillering","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigated-agriculture","display_name":"irrigated agriculture","score":0.578000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129513315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179615","display_name":"Salinity","level":2,"score":0.8413791656494141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779247569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2419334","display_name":"Tiller (botany)","level":2,"score":0.7644900679588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.7053881883621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.6581231355667114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113578266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131303","display_name":"Loam","level":3,"score":0.5953094363212585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141650431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754836","display_name":"Soil salinity","level":3,"score":0.5296311974525452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4720669090747833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779587293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7622360","display_name":"Straw","level":2,"score":0.4587353765964508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137660486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732240","display_name":"Growing season","level":2,"score":0.44168853759765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16704694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496805","display_name":"Saline water","level":3,"score":0.4357931911945343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.42376983165740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.25099635124206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.21514886617660522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.08359098434448242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600010019x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600010019x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600010019x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139950591","display_name":"Agronomy Journal","issn_l":"0002-1962","issn":["0002-1962","1072-9623","1435-0645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.991100013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905978906","https://openalex.org/W2186975026","https://openalex.org/W3004459398","https://openalex.org/W2017920600","https://openalex.org/W7096151644","https://openalex.org/W2092718615","https://openalex.org/W2034250592","https://openalex.org/W2033873697","https://openalex.org/W2065351623","https://openalex.org/W1974308555"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Salt":[1],"tolerance":[2],"of":[3,15,19,26,31,74,139,144,152,158,182,189,209,251],"wheat":[4,27],"(Triticum":[5],"aestivum":[6],"L.)":[7],"is":[8,231],"known":[9],"to":[10,177,212],"change":[11],"during":[12,249],"different":[13,29],"stages":[14,30],"growth.":[16],"The":[17,98],"effects":[18],"salinity":[20,45,104,162,194,210],"on":[21,49,216],"growth":[22,32,170],"and":[23,69,82,88,92,119,127,156,171,186,203],"yield":[24,128,172,218],"components":[25,129,219],"at":[28,41,124,225],"were":[33,47,78,102,131,236,243],"determined":[34],"in":[35,86,96],"a":[36,50],"2\u2010yr":[37],"field":[38],"plot":[39],"study":[40],"Brawley,":[42],"CA.":[43],"Four":[44],"levels":[46],"imposed":[48,105,175,195],"Holtville":[51],"silty":[52],"clay":[53],"[clayey":[54],"over":[55],"loamy,":[56],"montmorillonitic":[57],"(calcareous),":[58],"hyperthermic":[59],"Typic":[60],"Torrifluvent]":[61],"by":[62],"irrigating":[63],"with":[64,67],"waters":[65,77,242],"salinized":[66],"NaCl":[68],"CaCl2(1:1":[70],"w/w).":[71],"Electrical":[72],"conductivities":[73],"the":[75,107,164,180,187,207,217,226,228,252],"irrigation":[76,100,112,122,241],"1.4,":[79,89],"10.0,":[80],"20.0,":[81],"30.0":[83],"dS":[84,94],"m\u22121":[85,95],"1989,":[87],"8.0,":[90],"16.0,":[91],"24.0":[93],"1990.":[97],"three":[99],"treatments":[101],"(i)":[103],"throughout":[106,163],"growing":[108,165,222,253],"season,":[109],"(ii)":[110],"saline":[111,121,240],"initiated":[113],"after":[114,196],"terminal":[115],"spikelet":[116],"differentiation":[117],"(TSD),":[118],"(iii)":[120],"discontinued":[123],"TSD.":[125],"Growth":[126],"measured":[130],"straw":[132],"yield,":[133],"total":[134],"above":[135],"ground":[136],"biomass,":[137],"number":[138,143,151,157,181,188,202],"spikelets":[140,183],"per":[141,146,154,184,191],"spike,":[142,147],"kernels":[145],"individual":[148],"kernel":[149,201],"weight,":[150],"tillers":[153,190],"plant,":[155,192],"tiller":[159],"spikes.":[160],"Continuous":[161],"season":[166],"significantly":[167,198],"reduced":[168,179,199],"all":[169],"components.":[173],"Salinity":[174],"prior":[176],"TSD":[178,197],"spike":[185],"whereas":[193],"only":[200],"weight.":[204],"In":[205],"general,":[206],"effect":[208],"appears":[211],"be":[213],"most":[214],"pronounced":[215],"that":[220],"are":[221],"or":[223],"developing":[224],"time":[227],"salt":[229],"stress":[230],"imposed.":[232],"Total":[233],"grain":[234],"yields":[235],"maintained":[237],"when":[238],"moderately":[239],"substituted":[244],"for":[245],"good":[246],"quality":[247],"water":[248],"part":[250],"season.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
