{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2021928591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956x.1998.9681885","title":"Understanding Shifts in Reading and Its Instruction","display_name":"Understanding Shifts in Reading and Its Instruction","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2021928591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956x.1998.9681885","mag":"2021928591"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0161956x.1998.9681885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956x.1998.9681885","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956x.1998.9681885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86995273","display_name":"Peabody Journal of Education","issn_l":"0161-956X","issn":["0161-956X","1532-7930"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Peabody Journal of Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043910758","display_name":"Steven A. Stahl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven A. Stahl","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Georgia,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Georgia,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043910758"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3368,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93777586,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"3","first_page":"31","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13061","display_name":"Literacy and Educational Practices","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-instruction","display_name":"reading instruction","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whole-language","display_name":"whole language","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonics","display_name":"phonics","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-instruction","display_name":"direct instruction","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whole-word-method","display_name":"whole-word method","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-achievement","display_name":"reading achievement","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-fads","display_name":"educational fads","score":0.5669999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.6544829607009888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5745036602020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5338413119316101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.4269825220108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2901762127876282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/0161956x.1998.9681885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956x.1998.9681885","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956x.1998.9681885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86995273","display_name":"Peabody Journal of Education","issn_l":"0161-956X","issn":["0161-956X","1532-7930"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Peabody Journal of Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15327930pje7303&4_3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327930pje7303&4_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327930pje7303&4_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86995273","display_name":"Peabody Journal of Education","issn_l":"0161-956X","issn":["0161-956X","1532-7930"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Peabody Journal of Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8278999924659729,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":104,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11735491","https://openalex.org/W14219294","https://openalex.org/W31080236","https://openalex.org/W33173607","https://openalex.org/W33838458","https://openalex.org/W54188895","https://openalex.org/W58572881","https://openalex.org/W87887066","https://openalex.org/W127321157","https://openalex.org/W135098849","https://openalex.org/W185299473","https://openalex.org/W286212230","https://openalex.org/W309970469","https://openalex.org/W318923615","https://openalex.org/W598821434","https://openalex.org/W613362969","https://openalex.org/W656971782","https://openalex.org/W1484498926","https://openalex.org/W1485429020","https://openalex.org/W1490149378","https://openalex.org/W1526600312","https://openalex.org/W1546515242","https://openalex.org/W1591354983","https://openalex.org/W1679826675","https://openalex.org/W1719030934","https://openalex.org/W1797985737","https://openalex.org/W1971363530","https://openalex.org/W1971850064","https://openalex.org/W1975497518","https://openalex.org/W1977873181","https://openalex.org/W1991935261","https://openalex.org/W1994133656","https://openalex.org/W1998875551","https://openalex.org/W2000106223","https://openalex.org/W2001564915","https://openalex.org/W2002496530","https://openalex.org/W2005032463","https://openalex.org/W2007351030","https://openalex.org/W2011991919","https://openalex.org/W2015416110","https://openalex.org/W2016368913","https://openalex.org/W2017468518","https://openalex.org/W2021188786","https://openalex.org/W2024943267","https://openalex.org/W2032919039","https://openalex.org/W2034089873","https://openalex.org/W2036161103","https://openalex.org/W2047250867","https://openalex.org/W2047471103","https://openalex.org/W2049167926","https://openalex.org/W2049259860","https://openalex.org/W2049826494","https://openalex.org/W2050929882","https://openalex.org/W2051982613","https://openalex.org/W2053353600","https://openalex.org/W2054259392","https://openalex.org/W2055831093","https://openalex.org/W2059666383","https://openalex.org/W2059883457","https://openalex.org/W2061366936","https://openalex.org/W2061415200","https://openalex.org/W2061693824","https://openalex.org/W2064529025","https://openalex.org/W2067218726","https://openalex.org/W2069234335","https://openalex.org/W2069335423","https://openalex.org/W2069494027","https://openalex.org/W2074797086","https://openalex.org/W2075256826","https://openalex.org/W2077719048","https://openalex.org/W2086046174","https://openalex.org/W2086659748","https://openalex.org/W2087051954","https://openalex.org/W2088960687","https://openalex.org/W2091885108","https://openalex.org/W2092029240","https://openalex.org/W2101026866","https://openalex.org/W2103971023","https://openalex.org/W2108926053","https://openalex.org/W2109870225","https://openalex.org/W2114811706","https://openalex.org/W2118484735","https://openalex.org/W2134839790","https://openalex.org/W2138255374","https://openalex.org/W2153248219","https://openalex.org/W2164599981","https://openalex.org/W2165488411","https://openalex.org/W2169306834","https://openalex.org/W2590250490","https://openalex.org/W2731199514","https://openalex.org/W2732416977","https://openalex.org/W3015976087","https://openalex.org/W3041010946","https://openalex.org/W3149133796","https://openalex.org/W3217046821","https://openalex.org/W4205112434","https://openalex.org/W4239727316","https://openalex.org/W4253818574","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4302342693","https://openalex.org/W6603491935","https://openalex.org/W6737913126","https://openalex.org/W7001963713","https://openalex.org/W7054960566"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2124147887","https://openalex.org/W4233993237","https://openalex.org/W2147077953","https://openalex.org/W2055584405","https://openalex.org/W6988027141","https://openalex.org/W4284896133","https://openalex.org/W2123883349","https://openalex.org/W2993966292","https://openalex.org/W7097940052","https://openalex.org/W4240685066"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Outside":[0],"of":[1,9,53,62,90,164,198],"education,":[2],"people":[3],"view":[4],"the":[5,48,51,70,82,88,91,107,114,120,199,207],"shifts":[6],"and":[7,103,177,188],"swings":[72],"instruction":[10,40,147],"with":[11,21,44,116],"bemusement,":[12],"if":[13,23],"they":[14,24],"do":[15],"not":[16],"have":[17,29,58,112],"school-age":[18],"children,":[19],"or":[20,141],"alarm,":[22],"do.":[25],"In":[26],"reading,":[27],"we":[28,98],"swung":[30],"from":[31,76],"a":[32,182,193,202],"whole":[33,42,117,137,153,186],"word":[34],"methodology":[35],"to":[36,38,41,95,106],"phonics":[37],"direct":[39],"language,":[43,118],"various":[45],"stops":[46],"along":[47],"way,":[49],"over":[50],"course":[52],"my":[54],"lifetime.":[55],"These":[56],"had":[59],"resultant":[60],"achievement":[63],"(Chall,":[64],"1996a).":[65],"Slavin":[66],"(1989)":[67],"suggested":[68,135],"that":[69,101,132,136,179,204],"pendulum":[71],"in":[73,206],"education":[74],"come":[75],"an":[77,189],"idea":[78],"being":[79],"adopted":[80,124],"before":[81,125],"research":[83,127,131],"results":[84,89],"are":[85],"in.":[86],"When":[87],"program":[92,102],"turn":[93],"out":[94],"be":[96],"disappointing,":[97],"quickly":[99],"reject":[100],"move":[104],"on":[105,185],"next":[108],"fad.":[109],"This":[110],"may":[111],"been":[113],"case":[115],"as":[119],"approach":[121],"was":[122,128,133,139,211],"widely":[123],"adequate":[126],"available.":[129],"The":[130,160],"available":[134],"language":[138,154,187],"as,":[140],"possibly":[142],"less,":[143],"effective":[144],"than":[145],"current":[146],"(Stahl":[148],"&":[149,170],"Miller,":[150],"1989).":[151,159],"Yet":[152],"spread":[155],"like":[156],"wildfire":[157],"(Pearson,":[158],"1992":[161],"National":[162],"Assessment":[163],"Educational":[165],"Progress":[166],"(NAEP;":[167],"Mullis,":[168],"Campbell,":[169],"Farstrup,":[171],"1993)":[172],"surveyed":[173],"fourth-grade":[174],"teachers":[175],"nationwide":[176],"found":[178],"42%":[180],"reported":[181,192],"heavy":[183],"emphasis":[184],"additional":[190],"41%":[191],"moderate":[194],"emphasis-that":[195],"is,":[196],"83%":[197],"total.":[200],"For":[201],"movement":[203],"began":[205],"late":[208],"1970s,":[209],"this":[210],"explosive.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
