{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2021296853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418820100094811","title":"Patrol officers and problem solving: An application of expectancy theory","display_name":"Patrol officers and problem solving: An application of expectancy theory","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2021296853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418820100094811","mag":"2021296853"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/07418820100094811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418820100094811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418820100094811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149422333","display_name":"Justice Quarterly","issn_l":"0741-8825","issn":["0741-8825","1745-9109"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Justice Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026410387","display_name":"Christina DeJong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7480-164X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7480-164X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christina Dejong","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Michigan State University","Michigan State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Michigan State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074726392","display_name":"Stephen D. Mastrofski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen D. Mastrofski","raw_affiliation_strings":["b George Mason University","George Mason University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b George Mason University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051786769","display_name":"Roger B. Parks","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger B. Parks","raw_affiliation_strings":["c Indiana University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"c Indiana University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.7059,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98916412,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"31","last_page":"61"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-problem-solving","display_name":"police problem solving","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-policing","display_name":"community policing","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expectancy-theory","display_name":"expectancy theory","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-motivation","display_name":"police motivation","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patrol-officers","display_name":"patrol officers","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recognition","display_name":"recognition","score":0.34299999475479126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188353592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q450586","display_name":"Expectancy theory","level":2,"score":0.8380391597747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5989748239517212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256171","display_name":"Community policing","level":2,"score":0.5244308114051819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.4518803656101227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4324090778827667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.3083549737930298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/07418820100094811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418820100094811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418820100094811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149422333","display_name":"Justice Quarterly","issn_l":"0741-8825","issn":["0741-8825","1745-9109"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Justice Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8046000003814697}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W153388477","https://openalex.org/W193752013","https://openalex.org/W260300124","https://openalex.org/W615953503","https://openalex.org/W624394058","https://openalex.org/W656975068","https://openalex.org/W1575646066","https://openalex.org/W1902439135","https://openalex.org/W1979646721","https://openalex.org/W1980981123","https://openalex.org/W1986506829","https://openalex.org/W1996369735","https://openalex.org/W2013097679","https://openalex.org/W2025109339","https://openalex.org/W2026537072","https://openalex.org/W2028986621","https://openalex.org/W2032350976","https://openalex.org/W2037879939","https://openalex.org/W2038791650","https://openalex.org/W2043342276","https://openalex.org/W2045181804","https://openalex.org/W2058994613","https://openalex.org/W2067608260","https://openalex.org/W2068682271","https://openalex.org/W2078233276","https://openalex.org/W2082107925","https://openalex.org/W2090292094","https://openalex.org/W2108038333","https://openalex.org/W2114692504","https://openalex.org/W2132640506","https://openalex.org/W2136714926","https://openalex.org/W2146730366","https://openalex.org/W2147875818","https://openalex.org/W2323786981","https://openalex.org/W2323933343","https://openalex.org/W2795452831","https://openalex.org/W2796638730","https://openalex.org/W2797368982","https://openalex.org/W2902846066","https://openalex.org/W4213449113","https://openalex.org/W4244628591","https://openalex.org/W4300912073","https://openalex.org/W4301869951"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002542252","https://openalex.org/W2022607690","https://openalex.org/W2030809996","https://openalex.org/W2093970793","https://openalex.org/W2961867231","https://openalex.org/W2790750872","https://openalex.org/W2807970646","https://openalex.org/W2128162785","https://openalex.org/W561989002","https://openalex.org/W2090292094"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Problem":[0],"solving":[1,33],"has":[2],"been":[3],"recognized":[4,60],"as":[5],"a":[6,113],"key":[7],"aspect":[8],"of":[9,31,72,77,102,120,126],"community":[10,121],"policing.":[11],"We":[12,105],"use":[13],"expectancy":[14,109],"motivation":[15,110],"theory":[16,111],"to":[17,44,50],"explain":[18],"variation":[19],"in":[20,64,94],"police":[21,69,86,122],"officers'":[22,70],"problem-solving":[23,96],"behavior.":[24,79,104],"Specifically,":[25],"we":[26,88],"expect":[27],"that":[28,56,90,108,125],"the":[29,42,48,54,73,118],"amount":[30],"problem":[32],"performed":[34],"by":[35,40,61,99],"officers":[36,57,91,123],"will":[37,58],"be":[38,59],"explained":[39],"(1)":[41],"opportunity":[43],"do":[45,51],"so,":[46,52],"(2)":[47],"ability":[49],"(3)":[53],"likelihood":[55],"their":[62],"performance":[63],"this":[65],"area,":[66],"and":[67,75],"(4)":[68],"calculation":[71],"costs":[74],"rewards":[76],"such":[78,103],"Using":[80],"data":[81],"collected":[82],"from":[83],"ridealongs":[84],"with":[85],"officers,":[87],"find":[89,107],"who":[92],"engage":[93],"more":[95,114],"are":[97],"motivated":[98],"potential":[100],"recognition":[101],"also":[106],"provides":[112],"likely":[115],"explanation":[116],"for":[117],"behavior":[119],"than":[124],"traditional":[127],"\u201cbeat\u201d":[128],"officers.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
