{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2021285984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.17.6718","title":"Biophysical model of a Hebbian synapse.","display_name":"Biophysical model of a Hebbian synapse.","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2021285984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.17.6718","mag":"2021285984","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2168555","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/54608"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.87.17.6718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.17.6718","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.17.6718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2021285984"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC54608","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068098071","display_name":"Anthony M. Zador","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8431-9136","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8431-9136"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Zador","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT","Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084822308","display_name":"Christof Koch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6482-8067","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6482-8067"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Koch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049130321","display_name":"Thomas Huntington Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7017-6349","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7017-6349"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T H Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.094,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":242,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95519203,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"87","issue":"17","first_page":"6718","last_page":"6722"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dendritic-spines","display_name":"dendritic spines","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nmda-receptor","display_name":"NMDA receptor","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-dynamics","display_name":"calcium dynamics","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-potentiation","display_name":"long-term potentiation","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-plasticity","display_name":"synaptic plasticity","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hippocampal-ca1","display_name":"hippocampal CA1","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-compartmentalization","display_name":"calcium compartmentalization","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-dependence","display_name":"voltage dependence","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-modification","display_name":"synaptic modification","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biophysical-modeling","display_name":"biophysical model","score":0.4129999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111437709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277874","display_name":"Hebbian theory","level":3,"score":0.8875584602355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25274449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1805481","display_name":"Long-term potentiation","level":3,"score":0.8163983821868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.7447308301925659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174884520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902079","display_name":"Dendritic spine","level":3,"score":0.709139883518219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127445978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187181","display_name":"Synapse","level":2,"score":0.7073537707328796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98229152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1551556","display_name":"Synaptic plasticity","level":3,"score":0.5453691482543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67018056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414896","display_name":"NMDA receptor","level":3,"score":0.5373752117156982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148762608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3748185","display_name":"Hippocampal formation","level":2,"score":0.5277791023254395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205383261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7392570","display_name":"SPINE (molecular biology)","level":2,"score":0.4119739532470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.35328590869903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3407844305038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2731788456439972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.21444278955459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.18333858251571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1408577859401703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.11549079418182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.08154964447021484}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001703","descriptor_name":"Biophysics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002118","descriptor_name":"Calcium","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009435","descriptor_name":"Synaptic Transmission","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013131","descriptor_name":"Spine","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016194","descriptor_name":"Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017981","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Neurotransmitter","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055592","descriptor_name":"Biophysical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.87.17.6718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.17.6718","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.17.6718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:47889","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC54608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:2168555","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2168555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:54608","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC54608/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.cshl.edu:25641","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.cshl.edu/id/eprint/25641/1/Zador_PNAS_1990.pdf","pdf_url":"https://repository.cshl.edu/id/eprint/25641/1/Zador_PNAS_1990.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402288","display_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Institutional Repository (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:40549","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://authors.library.caltech.edu/40549/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402161","display_name":"CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:47889","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC54608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87174765","https://openalex.org/W182099624","https://openalex.org/W573957279","https://openalex.org/W1225008598","https://openalex.org/W1250237926","https://openalex.org/W1533559637","https://openalex.org/W1849447353","https://openalex.org/W1964926188","https://openalex.org/W1970160370","https://openalex.org/W1976645516","https://openalex.org/W1982270009","https://openalex.org/W1987636575","https://openalex.org/W1990969569","https://openalex.org/W1995484013","https://openalex.org/W2005266832","https://openalex.org/W2009868507","https://openalex.org/W2010926499","https://openalex.org/W2017743417","https://openalex.org/W2018249613","https://openalex.org/W2029799734","https://openalex.org/W2031739172","https://openalex.org/W2047468613","https://openalex.org/W2057315110","https://openalex.org/W2058709617","https://openalex.org/W2058938422","https://openalex.org/W2060142080","https://openalex.org/W2066631275","https://openalex.org/W2072715706","https://openalex.org/W2092045031","https://openalex.org/W2112246162","https://openalex.org/W2117664079","https://openalex.org/W2131441488","https://openalex.org/W2133128074","https://openalex.org/W2137136023","https://openalex.org/W2164067700","https://openalex.org/W2170393204","https://openalex.org/W4214891130","https://openalex.org/W7097488649","https://openalex.org/W7214220836"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2139453640","https://openalex.org/W1967660012","https://openalex.org/W1971372211","https://openalex.org/W2007135500","https://openalex.org/W2004044468","https://openalex.org/W2060142080","https://openalex.org/W2258993652","https://openalex.org/W2022286642","https://openalex.org/W1561410144"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,18,36],"biophysical":[3],"model":[4,22,134],"of":[5,12,26,29,32,49,102,113,118,143],"electrical":[6],"and":[7,96],"Ca(2+)":[8,119],"dynamics":[9,120],"following":[10],"activation":[11],"N-methyl-D-aspartate":[13],"(NMDA)":[14],"receptors":[15],"located":[16],"on":[17],"dendritic":[19,86],"spine.":[20],"The":[21],"accounts":[23],"for":[24,71],"much":[25],"the":[27,30,68,76,82,85,90,99,103,116,140],"phenomenology":[28],"induction":[31],"long-term":[33],"potentiation":[34,108],"at":[35,84,93],"Hebbian":[37,144],"synapse":[38],"in":[39,51,60,81,115],"hippocampal":[40],"region":[41],"CA1.":[42],"Computer":[43],"simulations":[44],"suggested":[45],"four":[46],"important":[47],"functions":[48],"spines":[50,114],"this":[52],"Ca(2+)-dependent":[53],"synaptic":[54,72],"modification:":[55],"(i)":[56],"compartmentalizing":[57],"transient":[58],"changes":[59,80,92],"[Ca(2+)]":[61,83],"to":[62,125,138],"just":[63],"those":[64,94],"synapses":[65],"that":[66,128],"satisfy":[67],"conjunctive":[69],"requirement":[70],"modification;":[73],"(ii)":[74],"isolating":[75],"spine":[77,126],"head":[78],"from":[79],"shaft;":[87],"(iii)":[88],"amplifying":[89],"concentration":[91],"synapses;":[95],"(iv)":[97],"increasing":[98],"voltage":[100],"dependence":[101],"processes":[104],"underlying":[105],"long":[106],"term":[107],"induction.":[109],"This":[110,133],"proposed":[111],"role":[112],"regulation":[117],"contrasts":[121],"with":[122],"traditional":[123],"approaches":[124],"function":[127],"have":[129],"stressed":[130],"electronic":[131],"properties.":[132],"can":[135],"be":[136],"used":[137],"explore":[139],"computational":[141],"implications":[142],"synapses.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
