{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020991216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2009.169110","title":"What are the clinical and radiological characteristics of spinal injuries from physical abuse: a systematic review","display_name":"What are the clinical and radiological characteristics of spinal injuries from physical abuse: a systematic review","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020991216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2009.169110","mag":"2020991216","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19946011"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/adc.2009.169110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2009.169110","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2009.169110","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207294652","display_name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood","issn_l":"0003-9888","issn":["0003-9888","1468-2044"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036691074","display_name":"AM Kemp","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. M. Kemp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK. kempam@cardiff.ac.uk","Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK. kempam@cardiff.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"A. H. Joshi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800476137","display_name":"Royal Gwent Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03vt5c527","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800476137","https://openalex.org/I2802109268","https://openalex.org/I4210144625"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. H. Joshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Gwent Healthcare NHS Trust, Gwent, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Gwent Healthcare NHS Trust, Gwent, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800476137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035971193","display_name":"Marty Mann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Mann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Support Unit for Research Evidence, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Support Unit for Research Evidence, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026027100","display_name":"Vanessa Tempest","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Tempest","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"A. Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800861664","display_name":"University Hospital of Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/04fgpet95","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299209451","https://openalex.org/I2800861664","https://openalex.org/I4210144625"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800861664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061422984","display_name":"Samantha Holden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7179-3317","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7179-3317"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800861664","display_name":"University Hospital of Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/04fgpet95","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299209451","https://openalex.org/I2800861664","https://openalex.org/I4210144625"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Holden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paediatric Forensic Pathology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatric Forensic Pathology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800861664"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032036409","display_name":"Sabine Maguire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9870-0547","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9870-0547"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Maguire","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036691074"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4967,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3962963,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"95","issue":"5","first_page":"355","last_page":"360"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12235","display_name":"Child Abuse and Related Trauma","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12235","display_name":"Child Abuse and Related Trauma","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13605","display_name":"Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10426","display_name":"Child Abuse and Trauma","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-abuse","display_name":"child abuse","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-abuse","display_name":"physical abuse","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cervical-spine-injury","display_name":"cervical spine injury","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thoracolumbar-spine-trauma","display_name":"thoracolumbar spine injury","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture-dislocation","display_name":"fracture-dislocation","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shaken-baby-syndrome","display_name":"shaken baby syndrome","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-mri","display_name":"spinal MRI","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeletal-survey","display_name":"skeletal survey","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infants-and-young-children","display_name":"infants and young children","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-and-radiological-features","display_name":"clinical and radiological features","score":0.6140000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9612010717391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190892606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3512464","display_name":"Radiological weapon","level":2,"score":0.8140084743499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.3913741409778595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3363412618637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.21942439675331116}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002574","descriptor_name":"Cervical Vertebrae","qualifier_ui":"Q000293","qualifier_name":"injuries","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002649","descriptor_name":"Child Abuse","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008159","descriptor_name":"Lumbar Vertebrae","qualifier_ui":"Q000293","qualifier_name":"injuries","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013124","descriptor_name":"Spinal Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013124","descriptor_name":"Spinal Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013904","descriptor_name":"Thoracic Vertebrae","qualifier_ui":"Q000293","qualifier_name":"injuries","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/adc.2009.169110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2009.169110","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2009.169110","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207294652","display_name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood","issn_l":"0003-9888","issn":["0003-9888","1468-2044"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19946011","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19946011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of disease in childhood","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:27583","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/27583/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583179347","https://openalex.org/W1691540334","https://openalex.org/W1768831763","https://openalex.org/W1856047408","https://openalex.org/W1965941401","https://openalex.org/W1985299628","https://openalex.org/W1986712546","https://openalex.org/W1993847983","https://openalex.org/W2001793593","https://openalex.org/W2007722093","https://openalex.org/W2007856039","https://openalex.org/W2008005880","https://openalex.org/W2012047576","https://openalex.org/W2019245999","https://openalex.org/W2023251906","https://openalex.org/W2031275825","https://openalex.org/W2040101592","https://openalex.org/W2045487289","https://openalex.org/W2061746947","https://openalex.org/W2062010786","https://openalex.org/W2071605801","https://openalex.org/W2072316917","https://openalex.org/W2072781891","https://openalex.org/W2073052176","https://openalex.org/W2075881965","https://openalex.org/W2077353393","https://openalex.org/W2081210782","https://openalex.org/W2081917013","https://openalex.org/W2092030792","https://openalex.org/W2111371887","https://openalex.org/W2128898409","https://openalex.org/W2135998931","https://openalex.org/W2137008508","https://openalex.org/W2139520821","https://openalex.org/W2171160914","https://openalex.org/W2222056114","https://openalex.org/W2335200766","https://openalex.org/W2411612345","https://openalex.org/W2418198008","https://openalex.org/W4246965381"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7126265993","https://openalex.org/W2409499752","https://openalex.org/W2023251906","https://openalex.org/W4402283250","https://openalex.org/W2996943504","https://openalex.org/W4311279366","https://openalex.org/W2069123227","https://openalex.org/W1993847983","https://openalex.org/W2061746947","https://openalex.org/W2318622403"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AIM:":[0],"Systematic":[1],"review":[2],"of":[3,11,18,45,60,62,72,92,103,106,192,215,230,245],"'What":[4],"are":[5],"the":[6,89,216,231,242],"clinical":[7,90,188],"and":[8,24,64,100,128,145,155,169,233],"radiological":[9,190],"characteristics":[10],"inflicted":[12,46,111,165,246],"spinal":[13,47,93,193,247],"injury?'":[14],"METHODS:":[15],"Literature":[16],"search":[17],"20":[19],"electronic":[20],"databases,":[21],"websites,":[22],"references":[23],"bibliographies":[25],"(1950-2009)":[26],"using":[27],"selected":[28],"keywords.":[29],"Critical":[30],"appraisal:":[31],"by":[32,97],"two":[33,146],"trained":[34],"reviewers,":[35],"(a":[36],"third":[37],"review,":[38],"if":[39],"discrepant).":[40],"INCLUSION":[41],"CRITERIA:":[42],"primary":[43],"studies":[44,71,239],"injury":[48,94,118,160,166,194],"in":[49,167,221],"children":[50,74,78,108,115,134,199,222],"<18":[51],"years,":[52],"alive":[53],"at":[54,126],"presentation,":[55],"with":[56,223],"a":[57,162],"high":[58],"surety":[59],"diagnosis":[61],"abuse":[63,225],"sufficient":[65],"detail":[66],"to":[67,184,211],"analyse.":[68],"RESULTS:":[69],"19":[70],"25":[73],"were":[75,95],"included.":[76],"Twelve":[77,114],"(median":[79,119],"age":[80,120],"5":[81],"months)":[82],"had":[83,109,116,124,130,135,139,147,152],"cervical":[84,232],"injury.":[85],"In":[86,198],"seven":[87],"cases,":[88],"signs":[91],"masked":[96],"respiratory":[98],"symptoms":[99],"impaired":[101],"levels":[102],"consciousness;":[104],"six":[105],"these":[107],"coexistent":[110],"head":[112,205],"trauma.":[113],"thoraco-lumbar":[117,143,234],"13.5":[121],"months),":[122],"10/12":[123,138],"lesions":[125],"T11-L2,":[127],"9/12":[129],"fracture":[131],"dislocations.":[132],"All":[133,218],"focal":[136,148],"signs:":[137],"lumbar":[140],"kyphosis":[141],"or":[142,189],"swelling,":[144],"neurology.":[149],"One":[150],"child":[151],"cervical,":[153],"thoracic":[154],"sacral":[156],"injuries.":[157,248],"CONCLUSIONS:":[158],"Spinal":[159],"is":[161,176],"potentially":[163],"devastating":[164],"infants":[168],"young":[170],"children.":[171],"The":[172],"published":[173],"evidence":[174],"base":[175],"limited.":[177],"However,":[178],"this":[179],"case":[180],"series":[181],"leads":[182],"us":[183],"recommend":[185],"that":[186],"any":[187],"indication":[191],"warrants":[195],"an":[196,213],"MRI.":[197],"undergoing":[200],"brain":[201],"MRI":[202,214],"for":[203],"abusive":[204],"trauma,":[206],"consideration":[207],"should":[208,226],"be":[209],"given":[210],"including":[212],"spine.":[217,235],"skeletal":[219],"surveys":[220],"suspected":[224],"include":[227],"lateral":[228],"views":[229],"Further":[236],"prospective":[237],"comparative":[238],"would":[240],"define":[241],"discriminating":[243],"features":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
