{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020917331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.900","title":"Circulation, evolution and transmission of ngari and bunyamwera orthobunya viruses in Northern Kenya","display_name":"Circulation, evolution and transmission of ngari and bunyamwera orthobunya viruses in Northern Kenya","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020917331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.900","mag":"2020917331"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.900","pdf_url":"http://www.ijidonline.com/article/S120197121400959X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35071406","display_name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1201-9712","issn":["1201-9712","1878-3511"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://www.ijidonline.com/article/S120197121400959X/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023850026","display_name":"Collins Otieno Odhiambo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5534-8720","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5534-8720","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8956-3448"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168685008","display_name":"International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qegss47","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168685008"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C.O. Odhiambo","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168685008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084533771","display_name":"Marietjie Venter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-824X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-824X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Venter","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023622396","display_name":"Robert Swanepoel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2538-3290","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2538-3290"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Swanepoel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014763475","display_name":"Rosemary C. Sang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4875-8385","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4875-8385"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Sang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023850026"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168685008"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10984661,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"230","last_page":"230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12047","display_name":"Viral Infections and Vectors","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12047","display_name":"Viral Infections and Vectors","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10166","display_name":"Mosquito-borne diseases and control","score":0.01360000018030405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12733","display_name":"Vector-Borne Animal Diseases","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bunyamwera-virus","display_name":"Bunyamwera virus","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthobunyavirus","display_name":"Orthobunyavirus","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bunyaviridae","display_name":"Bunyaviridae","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arbovirus-circulation","display_name":"arbovirus circulation","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reassortment","display_name":"reassortment","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mosquito-vector-competence","display_name":"mosquito vector competence","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aedes-aegypti","display_name":"Aedes aegypti","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anopheles-gambiae","display_name":"Anopheles gambiae","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-transmission","display_name":"virus transmission","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogenetic-analysis","display_name":"phylogenetic analysis","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemorrhagic-fever","display_name":"hemorrhagic fever","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northern-kenya","display_name":"northern Kenya","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arbovirus-surveillance","display_name":"arbovirus surveillance","score":0.6729999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16154277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2004399","display_name":"Reassortment","level":5,"score":0.8051682114601135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778706330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2580182","display_name":"Orthobunyavirus","level":3,"score":0.788877010345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7836806774139404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.6152389049530029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.5928348898887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779271554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29000551","display_name":"Bunyaviridae","level":3,"score":0.5172163248062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.4930820167064667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193252679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125","display_name":"Phylogenetic tree","level":3,"score":0.4863281846046448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778116200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q630622","display_name":"Arbovirus","level":3,"score":0.43327271938323975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.42120862007141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.20053228735923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.15693485736846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.09022417664527893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.08748483657836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.900","pdf_url":"http://www.ijidonline.com/article/S120197121400959X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35071406","display_name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1201-9712","issn":["1201-9712","1878-3511"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3496815cd37f403f88ebbee301a7b359","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3496815cd37f403f88ebbee301a7b359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol 21, Iss S1, p 230 (2014)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.900","pdf_url":"http://www.ijidonline.com/article/S120197121400959X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35071406","display_name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1201-9712","issn":["1201-9712","1878-3511"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2020917331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2020917331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2157762524","https://openalex.org/W2203421966","https://openalex.org/W3106756770","https://openalex.org/W2042403707","https://openalex.org/W2141981816","https://openalex.org/W3174110264","https://openalex.org/W2954662485","https://openalex.org/W2067597723","https://openalex.org/W4321235119","https://openalex.org/W2982514429"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Although":[1],"genetic":[2,126,289],"drift/reassortment":[3],"seems":[4],"to":[5,60,96,156,165,248,253,269,288,324,343],"occur":[6],"frequently":[7],"in":[8,43,52,74,89,93,118,123,195,241,299,341],"the":[9,12,35,39,44,50,53,62,111,141,217,224,231,236,280,322],"Bunyaviridae":[10],"family,":[11],"epidemiological":[13],"consequences":[14],"of":[15,31,38,49,64,69,140,180,208,216,221,301],"these":[16,23,339],"evolutionary":[17],"events":[18],"are":[19],"poorly":[20],"understood.":[21],"Moreover,":[22],"viruses":[24,73,210,274],"have":[25,284],"been":[26,285],"isolated":[27,103,144],"from":[28,85,104,145],"a":[29,259],"range":[30],"mosquito":[32,41],"species":[33,42,218],"but":[34,251,275],"actual":[36],"role":[37],"associated":[40,234],"maintenance,":[45],"transmission":[46,68],"and":[47,67,71,81,106,128,168,190,192,198,256,272,291,305,345],"evolution":[48],"virus":[51,83,116,193,250,255],"environment":[54],"remains":[55],"unclear.":[56],"Our":[57,319],"objective":[58],"was":[59,102,121,246,267],"understand":[61],"dynamics":[63],"circulation,":[65],"reassortment":[66,290],"Bunyamwera":[70,80,254,263,273],"Ngari":[72,82,226,232,249,271],"Kenya.":[75],"Methods":[76],"&":[77],"Materials:":[78],"Selected":[79],"isolates":[84,207,227],"previous":[86],"surveillance":[87],"exercises":[88],"Kenya":[90],"were":[91,135,154,163,183,212],"cultured":[92],"Vero":[94],"cells":[95],"prepare":[97],"viral":[98],"stocks.":[99],"Total":[100],"RNA":[101],"culture":[105],"specific":[107],"primers":[108],"designed":[109],"against":[110],"genome":[112],"segments":[113],"using":[114,131],"Bunyamwera/Batai":[115],"sequences":[117],"Genebank.":[119],"Sequencing":[120],"performed":[122],"ABI":[124],"3700":[125],"analyzer":[127],"phylogenetic":[129],"analysis":[130],"MEGA":[132],"v5.2.":[133],"Sequences":[134],"compared":[136],"with":[137,170,223,230,235],"selected":[138],"members":[139],"Orthobunyavirus":[142],"genus":[143],"different":[146],"geographical":[147],"locations.":[148],"For":[149],"vector":[150,261],"competence,":[151],"female":[152],"mosquitoes":[153,162,182],"exposed":[155],"blood-virus":[157],"mixture":[158],"(1010":[159],"Pfu/ml).":[160],"Engorged":[161],"transferred":[164],"clean":[166],"cages":[167],"maintained":[169],"sucrose":[171],"solution":[172],"at":[173,187],"28oC":[174],"for":[175,262,279],"14":[176,191],"days.":[177],"A":[178],"sub-set":[179],"experimental":[181],"killed":[184],"by":[185,201],"freezing":[186],"days":[188],"7":[189],"assayed":[194],"both":[196,209,270],"legs":[197],"body":[199],"separately":[200],"plaque":[202],"assay.":[203],"Results:":[204],"We":[205],"identified":[206],"which":[211],"relatively":[213],"conserved":[214],"regardless":[215],"or":[219],"region":[220],"isolation":[222],"Kenyan":[225],"clustering":[228],"closest":[229],"strains":[233],"1997-1998":[237],"hemorrhagic":[238],"fever":[239],"outbreaks":[240],"East":[242],"Africa.":[243],"Aedes":[244],"aegypti":[245],"refractory":[247],"susceptible":[252,268],"could":[257],"be":[258],"competent":[260],"virus.":[264],"Anopheles":[265,313],"gambiae":[266,314],"lower":[276],"dissemination":[277],"rates":[278],"later.":[281],"This":[282,295],"may":[283],"possibly":[286],"due":[287],"warrants":[292],"further":[293],"investigation.":[294],"has":[296],"major":[297],"implication":[298],"light":[300],"continued":[302],"animal":[303],"trade":[304],"travel":[306],"especially":[307],"into":[308],"malaria":[309],"endemic":[310],"regions":[311,333],"where":[312],"is":[315],"more":[316],"prevalent.":[317],"Conclusion:":[318],"results":[320],"underscore":[321],"need":[323],"continually":[325],"monitor":[326],"emergent":[327],"arboviral":[328],"genotypes":[329],"circulating":[330],"within":[331],"particular":[332],"as":[334,336],"well":[335],"vectors":[337],"mediating":[338],"transmissions":[340],"order":[342],"preempt":[344],"prevent":[346],"their":[347],"adverse":[348],"effects.":[349]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
