{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020707691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.11110173","title":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations in the COPDGene Study: Associated Radiologic Phenotypes","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations in the COPDGene Study: Associated Radiologic Phenotypes","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020707691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.11110173","mag":"2020707691","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21788524","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3184233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1148/radiol.11110173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.11110173","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.11110173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50280174","display_name":"Radiology","issn_l":"0033-8419","issn":["0033-8419","1527-1315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315931","host_organization_name":"Radiological Society of North America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315931"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Radiological Society of North America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Radiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3184233","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026096786","display_name":"MeiLan King Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9095-4419","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9095-4419"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111446","display_name":"A. Alfred Taubman Health Care Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01rh00978","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111446","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MeiLan K. Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. mrking@umich.edu","Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, 3916 Taubman Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. mrking@umich.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, 3916 Taubman Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111446","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089985924","display_name":"Ella Annabelle Kazerooni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5859-8744","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5859-8744"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111446","display_name":"A. Alfred Taubman Health Care Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01rh00978","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111446","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ella A. Kazerooni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, 3916 Taubman Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, 3916 Taubman Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111446","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023897162","display_name":"David A. Lynch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6329-2325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6329-2325"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019586173","display_name":"National Jewish Health","ror":"https://ror.org/016z2bp30","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019586173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. Lynch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, Colo","Division of Radiology, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, Colo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, Colo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019586173","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Radiology, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, Colo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019586173","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040938690","display_name":"Lyrica X. Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lyrica X. Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Mich, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Mass. The COPDGene Study Group members are listed at the end of this article"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Mich, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Mass. The COPDGene Study Group members are listed at the end of this article","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007210792","display_name":"Susan Murray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4387-7673","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4387-7673"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan Murray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Mich, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Mass. The COPDGene Study Group members are listed at the end of this article"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Mich, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Mass. The COPDGene Study Group members are listed at the end of this article","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052110481","display_name":"Jeffrey L. Curtis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5191-4847","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5191-4847"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102099","display_name":"VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/018txrr13","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210102099","https://openalex.org/I4210127612"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111446","display_name":"A. Alfred Taubman Health Care Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01rh00978","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111446","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey L. Curtis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, 3916 Taubman Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109","Medicine Service, Ann Arbor VA Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Mass. The COPDGene Study Group members are listed at the end of this article"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, 3916 Taubman Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111446","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medicine Service, Ann Arbor VA Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Mass. The COPDGene Study Group members are listed at the end of this article","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210102099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009003396","display_name":"Gerard J. Criner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1267-3483","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1267-3483"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122924","display_name":"Temple University Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/02fhvxj45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122924"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerard J. Criner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pa, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Mass. The COPDGene Study Group members are listed at the end of this article"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pa, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Mass. The COPDGene Study Group members are listed at the end of this article","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210122924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101771730","display_name":"Victor Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1385-1571","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1385-1571"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122924","display_name":"Temple University Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/02fhvxj45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122924"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pa, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Mass. The COPDGene Study Group members are listed at the end of this article"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pa, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Mass. The COPDGene Study Group members are listed at the end of this article","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210122924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017665414","display_name":"Russell Paul Bowler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4651-363X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4651-363X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019586173","display_name":"National Jewish Health","ror":"https://ror.org/016z2bp30","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019586173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Russell P. Bowler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, Colo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, Colo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019586173","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021493691","display_name":"Nicola Alexander Hanania","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3087-9530","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3087-9530"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola A. Hanania","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Mass. The COPDGene Study Group members are listed at the end of this article"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Mass. The COPDGene Study Group members are listed at the end of this article","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I181547552"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108099464","display_name":"Antonio R. Anzueto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165951966","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02f6dcw23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165951966","https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio R. Anzueto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Mass. The COPDGene Study Group members are listed at the end of this article"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Mass. The COPDGene Study Group members are listed at the end of this article","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I165951966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052209302","display_name":"Barry J. Make","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4349-8745","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4349-8745"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019586173","display_name":"National Jewish Health","ror":"https://ror.org/016z2bp30","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019586173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barry J. Make","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, Colo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, Colo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019586173","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053755396","display_name":"John E. Hokanson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-6068","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-6068"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151808059","display_name":"Colorado School of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/005x9g035","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151808059"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51713134","display_name":"University of Colorado Anschutz","ror":"https://ror.org/03wmf1y16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John E. Hokanson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colo, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Mass. The COPDGene Study Group members are listed at the end of this article"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colo, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Mass. The COPDGene Study Group members are listed at the end of this article","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I151808059","https://openalex.org/I51713134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050358373","display_name":"James D. Crapo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1262-5230","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1262-5230"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019586173","display_name":"National Jewish Health","ror":"https://ror.org/016z2bp30","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019586173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James D. Crapo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, Colo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, Colo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019586173","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035524361","display_name":"Edwin K. Silverman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3641-3822","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3641-3822"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin K. Silverman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Mass. The COPDGene Study Group members are listed at the end of this article","Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Mass. The COPDGene Study Group members are listed at the end of this article"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Mass. The COPDGene Study Group members are listed at the end of this article","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Mass. The COPDGene Study Group members are listed at the end of this article","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100767595","display_name":"Fernando J. Mart\u00ednez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2412-3182","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2412-3182"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111446","display_name":"A. Alfred Taubman Health Care Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01rh00978","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111446","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando J. Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, 3916 Taubman Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, 3916 Taubman Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111446","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064775862","display_name":"George R. Washko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1906-3244","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1906-3244","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2712-0569"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George R. Washko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Mass. The COPDGene Study Group members are listed at the end of this article"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Mass. The COPDGene Study Group members are listed at the end of this article","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.3818,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":453,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99771882,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"261","issue":"1","first_page":"274","last_page":"282"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10665","display_name":"Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","display_name":"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-exacerbation-of-copd","display_name":"COPD exacerbations","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-computed-tomography","display_name":"quantitative computed tomography","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emphysema","display_name":"emphysema","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airway-wall-thickness","display_name":"airway wall thickness","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bronchial-wall-thickness","display_name":"bronchial wall thickness","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copd-phenotypes","display_name":"COPD phenotypes","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-function","display_name":"lung function","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copdgene-study","display_name":"COPDGene Study","score":0.8539999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9547343254089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776780178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199804","display_name":"COPD","level":2,"score":0.9083764553070068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777014857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383410","display_name":"Exacerbation","level":2,"score":0.8642693758010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5427082777023315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.5341984629631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75603125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1877462","display_name":"Pulmonary function testing","level":2,"score":0.5228203535079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777104659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3508797","display_name":"Obstructive lung disease","level":3,"score":0.508775532245636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777106319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362104","display_name":"Institutional review board","level":2,"score":0.4621146023273468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105922876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423981","display_name":"Airway","level":2,"score":0.41116881370544434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3991248607635498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.21687990427017212}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1148/radiol.11110173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.11110173","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.11110173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50280174","display_name":"Radiology","issn_l":"0033-8419","issn":["0033-8419","1527-1315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315931","host_organization_name":"Radiological Society of North America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315931"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Radiological Society of North America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Radiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3184233","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3184233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Radiology","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:21788524","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21788524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Radiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/91947","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/91947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3184233","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3184233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Radiology","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1996980110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"K23 HL-089353","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4786912535","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#K23 HL093351","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G529159908","display_name":"Using Computed Tomographic Imaging as a biomarker for Clinical COPD Research","funder_award_id":"1k23hl089353-01a1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5658329869","display_name":"(2 of 2) Genetic Epidemiology of COPD","funder_award_id":"U01HL089856","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5986577533","display_name":"Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute (ACTSI) Renewal","funder_award_id":"UL1TR000454","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6743212970","display_name":"Impact of Gender on Symptoms and Progression of IPF","funder_award_id":"5k23hl093351-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6809393842","display_name":"(1 of 2) Genetic Epidemiology of COPD","funder_award_id":"U01HL089897","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308347","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310145","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313443","display_name":"National Jewish Health","ror":"https://ror.org/016z2bp30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1859222707","https://openalex.org/W1969919693","https://openalex.org/W1981842254","https://openalex.org/W1984366418","https://openalex.org/W2002726093","https://openalex.org/W2016264305","https://openalex.org/W2026657689","https://openalex.org/W2056885243","https://openalex.org/W2082907106","https://openalex.org/W2096503128","https://openalex.org/W2097451899","https://openalex.org/W2098628108","https://openalex.org/W2105283001","https://openalex.org/W2117837864","https://openalex.org/W2127951128","https://openalex.org/W2129238234","https://openalex.org/W2132128923","https://openalex.org/W2139347600","https://openalex.org/W2140775860","https://openalex.org/W2142096203","https://openalex.org/W2142724633","https://openalex.org/W2157407723","https://openalex.org/W2160263482","https://openalex.org/W2171647346","https://openalex.org/W2276495058","https://openalex.org/W4211263216"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416638156","https://openalex.org/W1894912037","https://openalex.org/W2998564201","https://openalex.org/W2096503128","https://openalex.org/W2375063444","https://openalex.org/W4387980973","https://openalex.org/W6906280845","https://openalex.org/W2522002951","https://openalex.org/W3215234289","https://openalex.org/W4388157582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"To":[1],"test":[2],"the":[3,5,45,68,73,99,111,130,145,240],"hypothesis-given":[4],"increasing":[6],"emphasis":[7],"on":[8],"quantitative":[9,28,86,154],"computed":[10],"tomographic":[11],"(CT)":[12],"phenotypes":[13],"of":[14,31,49,126,147,239,242,251],"chronic":[15],"obstructive":[16],"pulmonary":[17],"disease":[18],"(COPD)-that":[19],"a":[20,104,137,159,190,216],"relationship":[21,146],"exists":[22],"between":[23],"COPD":[24,84,127,177,236,254],"exacerbation":[25,128,148,178,195],"frequency":[26,125,149],"and":[27,33,53,71,115,153,169,229,261],"CT":[29,87,155,246],"measures":[30],"emphysema":[32,93,172,212,228],"airway":[34,230],"disease.":[35],"MATERIALS":[36],"AND":[37],"METHODS:":[38],"This":[39],"research":[40,260],"protocol":[41],"was":[42,95,133,141,187,213],"approved":[43],"by":[44,97,135],"institutional":[46],"review":[47],"board":[48],"each":[50,208],"participating":[51],"institution,":[52],"all":[54],"participants":[55],"provided":[56],"written":[57],"informed":[58],"consent.":[59],"One":[60],"thousand":[61],"two":[62],"subjects":[63],"who":[64,255],"were":[65,89,174,233],"enrolled":[66],"in":[67,120,129,183,193,211,219],"COPDGene":[69],"Study":[70],"met":[72],"GOLD":[74],"(Global":[75],"Initiative":[76],"for":[77,83,163,258,264],"Chronic":[78],"Obstructive":[79],"Lung":[80],"Disease)":[81],"criteria":[82],"with":[85,103,150,176,189,202,215,235,253],"analysis":[88,140,161],"included.":[90],"Total":[91],"lung":[92,151,164,171,227],"percentage":[94,119,173],"measured":[96,110],"using":[98,136],"attenuation":[100],"mask":[101],"technique":[102],"-950-HU":[105],"threshold.":[106],"An":[107],"automated":[108],"program":[109],"mean":[112,116],"wall":[113,117,167,185,231],"thickness":[114,168,186,232],"area":[118],"six":[121],"segmental":[122],"bronchi.":[123],"The":[124],"prior":[131],"year":[132],"determined":[134],"questionnaire.":[138],"Statistical":[139],"performed":[142],"to":[143],"examine":[144],"function":[152],"measurements.":[156],"RESULTS:":[157],"In":[158],"multivariate":[160],"adjusted":[162],"function,":[165],"bronchial":[166,184],"total":[170,206],"associated":[175,188,214,234],"frequency.":[179],"Each":[180],"1-mm":[181],"increase":[182,192,210,218],"1.84-fold":[191],"annual":[194],"rate":[196,221],"(P":[197,222],"=":[198,223],".004).":[199],"For":[200],"patients":[201,252],"35%":[203],"or":[204],"greater":[205],"emphysema,":[207],"5%":[209],"1.18-fold":[217],"this":[220],".047).":[224],"CONCLUSION:":[225],"Greater":[226],"exacerbations,":[237],"independent":[238],"severity":[241],"airflow":[243],"obstruction.":[244],"Quantitative":[245],"can":[247],"help":[248],"identify":[249],"subgroups":[250],"experience":[256],"exacerbations":[257],"targeted":[259],"therapy":[262],"development":[263],"individual":[265],"phenotypes.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":28}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}