{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020697015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(1998)124:2(91)","title":"Impact of Subcontracting on Site Productivity: Lessons Learned in Taiwan","display_name":"Impact of Subcontracting on Site Productivity: Lessons Learned in Taiwan","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020697015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(1998)124:2(91)","mag":"2020697015"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(1998)124:2(91)","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(1998)124:2(91)","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(1998)124:2(91)","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764777209","display_name":"Journal of Construction Engineering and Management","issn_l":"0733-9364","issn":["0733-9364","1943-7862"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Construction Engineering and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111598322","display_name":"Ting-Ya Hsieh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ting-Ya Hsieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Nat. Central Univ., Chung-Li, Taiwan 32054, Republic of China. E-mail: tingya@cc.ncu.edu.tw","Department of Civil Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Nat. Central Univ., Chung-Li, Taiwan 32054, Republic of China. E-mail: tingya@cc.ncu.edu.tw","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111598322"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0684,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90917307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"124","issue":"2","first_page":"91","last_page":"100"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10395","display_name":"Construction Project Management and Performance","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10395","display_name":"Construction Project Management and Performance","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11006","display_name":"BIM and Construction Integration","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subcontracting","display_name":"subcontracting","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/site-productivity","display_name":"site productivity","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-contractors","display_name":"general contractors","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-strategy","display_name":"institutional strategy","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-model","display_name":"conceptual model","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construction-industry","display_name":"construction industry","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taiwan","display_name":"Taiwan","score":0.9470000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.8744360208511353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.583808958530426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5110656023025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.49883222579956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13606891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623243","display_name":"Conceptual model","level":2,"score":0.4651625454425812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.45647862553596497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3693554997444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3672305941581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36479854583740234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.34794747829437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.3253782093524933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25002801418304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.22703692317008972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20870745182037354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1562027633190155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.15404701232910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.07162883877754211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(1998)124:2(91)","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(1998)124:2(91)","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(1998)124:2(91)","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764777209","display_name":"Journal of Construction Engineering and Management","issn_l":"0733-9364","issn":["0733-9364","1943-7862"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Construction Engineering and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6452000141143799,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.5378999710083008,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12592056","https://openalex.org/W599773027","https://openalex.org/W1559279585","https://openalex.org/W1855283887","https://openalex.org/W1978917999","https://openalex.org/W1984245825","https://openalex.org/W1984331441","https://openalex.org/W2002044329","https://openalex.org/W2015866289","https://openalex.org/W2028868293","https://openalex.org/W2032653285","https://openalex.org/W2040865812","https://openalex.org/W2052953548","https://openalex.org/W2056621186","https://openalex.org/W2067917154","https://openalex.org/W2073040063","https://openalex.org/W2078432728","https://openalex.org/W2080033416","https://openalex.org/W2080146085","https://openalex.org/W2089144274","https://openalex.org/W3002924360"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390601916","https://openalex.org/W2018922510","https://openalex.org/W4245481865","https://openalex.org/W4238086886","https://openalex.org/W2887976858","https://openalex.org/W2601650707","https://openalex.org/W2885512644","https://openalex.org/W7111089977","https://openalex.org/W3006164403","https://openalex.org/W4235930745"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,20,35,39,46,53,57,67,92,132,136,139,148],"past":[2],"decade,":[3],"considerable":[4],"research":[5,40],"effort":[6],"has":[7],"been":[8],"devoted":[9],"to":[10,117],"alleviating":[11],"site":[12,105],"productivity":[13,106,114,150],"problems":[14],"in":[15,52,70,87,97],"Taiwan's":[16],"construction":[17,54],"industry.":[18],"However,":[19],"results":[21],"generated":[22],"so":[23],"far":[24],"are":[25,32,94,152],"frustrating.":[26],"A":[27,109],"school":[28],"of":[29,45,66,91,124],"academic":[30],"debates":[31],"raised":[33],"concerning":[34],"elements":[36],"missing":[37,59],"from":[38,135],"framework":[41],"adopted.":[42],"The":[43,100],"disregard":[44],"crucial":[47],"role":[48],"played":[49],"by":[50],"subcontractors":[51],"process":[55],"is":[56],"main":[58],"element.":[60],"To":[61],"gain":[62],"a":[63],"thorough":[64],"understanding":[65],"subcontracting":[68,103,118],"practice":[69],"construction,":[71],"an":[72],"extensive":[73],"questionnaire":[74],"survey":[75,93,137],"targeting":[76],"more":[77],"than":[78],"1,000":[79],"general":[80],"contractors,":[81],"selected":[82],"at":[83],"random,":[84],"was":[85,107,119],"conducted":[86],"1995.":[88],"Major":[89],"findings":[90],"reported":[95],"briefly":[96],"this":[98,125],"paper.":[99],"relationship":[101],"between":[102],"and":[104,121,138,154],"investigated.":[108],"conceptual":[110],"model":[111,126],"for":[112,146],"analyzing":[113],"barriers":[115,151],"due":[116],"developed":[120],"various":[122],"aspects":[123],"were":[127],"also":[128],"examined.":[129],"Based":[130],"on":[131],"insights":[133],"gained":[134],"follow-up":[140],"interviews,":[141],"three":[142],"promising":[143],"institutional":[144],"strategies":[145],"overcoming":[147],"identified":[149],"presented":[153],"discussed.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}