{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020694447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3451285","title":"The Changing Geography of Africa and the Middle East","display_name":"The Changing Geography of Africa and the Middle East","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020694447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3451285","mag":"2020694447"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/3451285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3451285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3451285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54255202","display_name":"Geographical Journal","issn_l":"0016-7398","issn":["0016-7398","1475-4959"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Geographical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109676129","display_name":"Gerald Blake","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerald Blake","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109460821","display_name":"Graham Chapman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Graham Chapman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kathleen M. Baker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen M. Baker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3840,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3840},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9758,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9159322,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"159","issue":"3","first_page":"339","last_page":"339"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.29420000314712524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.29420000314712524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12853","display_name":"Historical Geography and Geographical Thought","score":0.1200999990105629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13560","display_name":"Socioeconomic Development in MENA","score":0.11630000174045563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/africa","display_name":"Africa","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-east","display_name":"Middle East","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development","display_name":"development","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-independence","display_name":"political independence","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-aid","display_name":"foreign aid","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-dependence","display_name":"economic dependence","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty","display_name":"poverty","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-scarcity","display_name":"water scarcity","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-rich-countries","display_name":"resource-rich countries","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-instability","display_name":"political instability","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/western-influence","display_name":"Western influence","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"physical geography","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-geography","display_name":"economic geography","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-geography","display_name":"social geography","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-geography","display_name":"political geography","score":0.9710000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3651065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7204","display_name":"Middle East","level":2,"score":0.8435554504394531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6558200716972351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.43575918674468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.12254214286804199}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/3451285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3451285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3451285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54255202","display_name":"Geographical Journal","issn_l":"0016-7398","issn":["0016-7398","1475-4959"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Geographical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2946818592","https://openalex.org/W1980168033","https://openalex.org/W2141324085","https://openalex.org/W2479056608","https://openalex.org/W7111756429","https://openalex.org/W2107711333","https://openalex.org/W7067784539","https://openalex.org/W2253217702","https://openalex.org/W3172024145","https://openalex.org/W3019863637"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"CROSS":[0],"REF":[1],"DEV":[2],"STUDIES":[3],"Both":[4],"Africa":[5,30,77,108],"and":[6,31,43,78,103,109],"the":[7,27,60,63,70,79,99,110],"Middle":[8,39,80,111],"East":[9,81],"have":[10,22],"sought":[11],"alternatives":[12],"to":[13,98],"Western":[14],"models":[15],"of":[16,29,62,69,76,86,89,106],"development.":[17,90],"The":[18,38,73,91],"last":[19],"twenty-five":[20,87],"years":[21,88],"seen":[23],"political":[24,104],"independence":[25],"for":[26],"states":[28],"increased":[32],"economic":[33],"dependence":[34],"on":[35],"external":[36],"aid.":[37],"East,":[40],"resource":[41],"rich":[42],"water":[44],"poor,":[45],"continues":[46,57],"economically":[47],"robust":[48],"but":[49],"politically":[50],"unstable.":[51],"In":[52],"both":[53],"regions,":[54],"widespread":[55],"poverty":[56],"as":[58],"does":[59],"involvement":[61],"West.Clearly":[64],"illustrated":[65],"with":[66],"basic":[67],"maps":[68],"countries":[71],"discussed,":[72],"Changing":[74],"Geography":[75],"presents":[82],"a":[83],"systematic":[84],"review":[85],"book":[92],"will":[93],"prove":[94],"an":[95],"invaluable":[96],"guide":[97],"physical,":[100],"economic,":[101],"social":[102],"environments":[105],"contemporary":[107],"East.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
