{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020692673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000154686","title":"The Phylogeny of Enkephalins: Speculations on the Origins of Opioid Precursors","display_name":"The Phylogeny of Enkephalins: Speculations on the Origins of Opioid Precursors","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020692673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000154686","mag":"2020692673"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1159/000154686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000154686","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000154686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161399637","display_name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","issn_l":"1015-8987","issn":["1015-8987","1421-9778"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067636916","display_name":"Robert M. Dores","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2640-8712","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2640-8712"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert M. Dores","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Colo.;","University of Denver, "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Colo.;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Denver, ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043466745","display_name":"Lorraine K. McDonald","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorraine K. McDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Colo.;","University of Denver, "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Colo.;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Denver, ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084372290","display_name":"Alex Goldsmith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Goldsmith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Colo.;","University of Denver, "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Colo.;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Denver, ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080795548","display_name":"Pierre Deviche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-7022","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-7022"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Deviche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA","Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030672263","display_name":"David A. Rubin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6388-7724","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6388-7724"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. Rubin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Colo.;","University of Denver, "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Colo.;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Denver, ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1785,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1925},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0446,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74058507,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3-4","first_page":"231","last_page":"244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10814","display_name":"Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10814","display_name":"Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11541","display_name":"Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10434","display_name":"Chromosomal and Genetic Variations","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enkephalin","display_name":"enkephalin","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynorphin","display_name":"dynorphin","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-endorphin","display_name":"beta-endorphin","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proenkephalin","display_name":"proenkephalin","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-duplication","display_name":"gene duplication","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proopiomelanocortin","display_name":"proopiomelanocortin","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prodynorphin","display_name":"prodynorphin","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertebrate-distribution","display_name":"vertebrate distribution","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endogenous-opioids","display_name":"endogenous opioids","score":0.5379999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247879","display_name":"Proenkephalin","level":5,"score":0.9794552326202393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151077648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324076","display_name":"Dynorphin","level":5,"score":0.9532959461212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7602840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746284","display_name":"Gene duplication","level":3,"score":0.7629408836364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781309135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418896","display_name":"Proopiomelanocortin","level":3,"score":0.7457274198532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777803847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q325101","display_name":"Enkephalin","level":4,"score":0.6146906018257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88016717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417189","display_name":"Opioid peptide","level":4,"score":0.537129819393158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.529628574848175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5069475173950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017995582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417189","display_name":"Endogenous opioid","level":4,"score":0.5069425106048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781063702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427523","display_name":"Opioid","level":3,"score":0.4601263701915741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90132467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184","display_name":"Phylogenetics","level":3,"score":0.44712480902671814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.34480682015419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.31849902868270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.09818986058235168}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1159/000154686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000154686","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000154686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161399637","display_name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","issn_l":"1015-8987","issn":["1015-8987","1421-9778"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W80723534","https://openalex.org/W1987801079","https://openalex.org/W2033659017","https://openalex.org/W2005292948","https://openalex.org/W2088427289","https://openalex.org/W2002459366","https://openalex.org/W186622919","https://openalex.org/W2058227197","https://openalex.org/W2035948683","https://openalex.org/W2741641373"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Enkephalins,":[0],"dynorphins":[1],"and":[2,20,74],"\u03b2-endorphin":[3],"are":[4,9],"endogenous":[5],"opiate-like":[6],"substances":[7],"that":[8],"differentially":[10],"distributed":[11],"among":[12],"vertebrate":[13],"taxa.":[14],"Enkephalins":[15],"have":[16,63,80],"the":[17,21,28,36,39,42,52,58,67,70,75,84],"widest":[18],"distribution,":[19],"proenkephalin":[22,53],"gene":[23],"would":[24,62,79],"appear":[25],"to":[26,66,83],"represent":[27],"ancestral":[29],"opioid":[30],"gene.":[31,54,86],"This":[32],"review":[33],"will":[34],"consider":[35],"following":[37],"hypothesis:":[38],"evolution":[40],"of":[41,48,51],"opioids":[43],"occurred":[44],"as":[45],"a":[46],"result":[47],"two":[49],"duplications":[50],"In":[55],"this":[56],"hypothesis,":[57],"first":[59],"duplication":[60,77],"event":[61,78],"given":[64,81],"rise":[65,82],"proopiomelanocortin":[68],"gene,":[69],"precursor":[71],"for":[72],"\u03b2-endorphin,":[73],"second":[76],"prodynorphin":[85]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
