{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020574449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01230.x","title":"Qualitative research methods within the addictions","display_name":"Qualitative research methods within the addictions","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020574449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01230.x","mag":"2020574449","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16277621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01230.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01230.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01230.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70513841","display_name":"Addiction","issn_l":"0965-2140","issn":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Addiction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028696190","display_name":"Joanne Neale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1502-5983","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1502-5983"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124261462","display_name":"Oxford Brookes University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2twj65","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124261462"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joanne Neale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shool of Health and Social Care, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK. jneale@brookes.ac.uk","Shool of Health and Social Care, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shool of Health and Social Care, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK. jneale@brookes.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124261462"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shool of Health and Social Care, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124261462"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103537955","display_name":"Debby Allen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124261462","display_name":"Oxford Brookes University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2twj65","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124261462"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debby Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shool of Health and Social Care, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shool of Health and Social Care, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124261462"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006181336","display_name":"Lindsey Coombes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8418-1918","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8418-1918"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124261462","display_name":"Oxford Brookes University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2twj65","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124261462"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lindsey Coombes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shool of Health and Social Care, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shool of Health and Social Care, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124261462"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028696190"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124261462"],"apc_list":{"value":4600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4600},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.761,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":257,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91439689,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"100","issue":"11","first_page":"1584","last_page":"1593"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12880","display_name":"Qualitative Research Methods and Applications","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12880","display_name":"Qualitative Research Methods and Applications","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11981","display_name":"Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research","display_name":"qualitative research","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/addiction-research","display_name":"addiction research","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmaceutical-research","display_name":"pharmaceutical research","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/addiction-journal","display_name":"Addiction journal","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-methodology-education","display_name":"research methodology training","score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-versus-quantitative-research","display_name":"qualitative versus quantitative research","score":0.40400001406669617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48856860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12029","display_name":"Addiction","level":2,"score":0.6922416687011719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.551051676273346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5357346534729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3735070824623108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3423351049423218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.3338785171508789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.11845433712005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010506","descriptor_name":"Periodicals as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016739","descriptor_name":"Behavior, Addictive","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D036301","descriptor_name":"Qualitative Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01230.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01230.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01230.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70513841","display_name":"Addiction","issn_l":"0965-2140","issn":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Addiction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16277621","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16277621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Addiction (Abingdon, England)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:publications/0472523a-6572-4e69-b366-39d291ffea08","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/0472523a-6572-4e69-b366-39d291ffea08","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neale, J, Allen, D & Coombes, L 2005, 'Qualitative research methods within the addictions', Addiction, vol. 100, no. 11, pp. 1584-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01230.x","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/review"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8199999928474426}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57812412","https://openalex.org/W148793068","https://openalex.org/W566771645","https://openalex.org/W582847069","https://openalex.org/W583915651","https://openalex.org/W1505668792","https://openalex.org/W1556808170","https://openalex.org/W1746998113","https://openalex.org/W1963785872","https://openalex.org/W1967536439","https://openalex.org/W1973637146","https://openalex.org/W1993222074","https://openalex.org/W1993996398","https://openalex.org/W1994735268","https://openalex.org/W1999804629","https://openalex.org/W2006832236","https://openalex.org/W2019270044","https://openalex.org/W2019757409","https://openalex.org/W2021180021","https://openalex.org/W2021365718","https://openalex.org/W2023382352","https://openalex.org/W2033952602","https://openalex.org/W2037670707","https://openalex.org/W2040156363","https://openalex.org/W2040223767","https://openalex.org/W2043911025","https://openalex.org/W2058200709","https://openalex.org/W2064468954","https://openalex.org/W2067501346","https://openalex.org/W2070619468","https://openalex.org/W2074387318","https://openalex.org/W2076926008","https://openalex.org/W2092505539","https://openalex.org/W2092602990","https://openalex.org/W2098709468","https://openalex.org/W2103657254","https://openalex.org/W2104667268","https://openalex.org/W2113496825","https://openalex.org/W2117405519","https://openalex.org/W2119070466","https://openalex.org/W2137464090","https://openalex.org/W2151649102","https://openalex.org/W2152823962","https://openalex.org/W2155831513","https://openalex.org/W2159475324","https://openalex.org/W2165021729","https://openalex.org/W2228111303","https://openalex.org/W2394917350","https://openalex.org/W2410950833","https://openalex.org/W2420630477","https://openalex.org/W2477699872","https://openalex.org/W2753623021","https://openalex.org/W2904927769","https://openalex.org/W3146160420","https://openalex.org/W4299849565"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978736094","https://openalex.org/W4408464076","https://openalex.org/W2042418355","https://openalex.org/W2616613863","https://openalex.org/W3121716310","https://openalex.org/W1832859837","https://openalex.org/W3156624386","https://openalex.org/W1563621757","https://openalex.org/W2092505539","https://openalex.org/W2727369023"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,51,188,315,357,469,541,734,909,1330,1398,2090,2255,2453,2601,2689,2933,3322,3356,3897,3961,4018,4223],"1998,":[1],"Fountain":[2],"&":[3,29,79,298,318,378,392,397,432,515,731,1137,1395,1992,2342,2729,2755,2791,2911],"Griffiths":[4,30,379,2792],"conducted":[5,928,994,1062,1512,1778,2141,2488],"a":[6,92,134,146,199,233,240,262,294,334,339,525,548,598,649,672,693,701,705,747,765,804,820,825,853,917,983,1006,1025,1082,1096,1102,1148,1289,1323,1401,1417,1447,1513,1535,1673,1676,1707,1826,1835,2156,2174,2194,2624,2644,2684,2975,2999,3234,3248,3259,3267,3287,3305,3376,3401,3519,3537,3622,3941,3981,4100,4159,4208,4227],"content":[7,1223],"analysis":[8,604,1526,3353,4337],"on":[9,41,474,483,557,664,873,1095,1253,1684,1866,1901,2124,2303,2377,2471,2830,3286,3462,3610,4075,4179,4213,4241,4254,4335,4359],"papers":[10,35,65],"published":[11,61],"during":[12,1063,1489,2142,2581,3138,4058],"1995\u201396":[13],"in":[14,66,170,249,275,280,286,329,369,409,494,511,671,788,808,824,876,932,957,975,982,995,1028,1120,1212,1243,1275,1326,1342,1379,1409,1413,1426,1475,1521,1562,1661,1669,1691,1703,1727,1751,1779,1869,1925,2064,2131,2193,2267,2270,2291,2315,2502,2516,2616,2655,2659,2677,2761,2776,2800,2810,2947,2964,2971,3048,3440,3557,3616,3649,3670,3695,3883,4032,4207,4250,4361],"three":[15,63],"leading":[16],"international":[17],"drug":[18,349,359,454,784,989,1388,1407,1433,1517,1543,1839,1923,2043,2066,2101,2113,2153,2159,2171,2184,2287,2316,2378,2429,2433,2445,2660,2680,2777,2831,2962,3102,3612,3652,3658,3998],"publications:":[19],"Addiction,":[20,52],"Drug":[21,1493],"and":[22,25,76,158,160,167,184,205,271,289,373,413,425,456,467,482,489,506,533,539,559,581,610,617,625,666,775,785,850,859,897,949,971,980,999,1054,1069,1077,1130,1155,1167,1187,1207,1222,1246,1262,1280,1291,1293,1315,1346,1358,1368,1391,1420,1435,1452,1469,1499,1518,1538,1556,1567,1581,1593,1607,1619,1632,1644,1687,1737,1766,1771,1803,1855,1857,1884,1893,1912,1928,1943,1957,1983,2002,2018,2042,2054,2067,2070,2073,2103,2115,2117,2136,2145,2158,2164,2182,2220,2250,2261,2280,2311,2330,2334,2380,2387,2416,2435,2464,2474,2478,2495,2499,2562,2571,2578,2597,2695,2698,2706,2808,2833,2845,2853,2859,2874,2885,2931,2940,2967,2977,2984,3033,3046,3062,3077,3095,3099,3118,3135,3158,3200,3223,3230,3310,3354,3399,3412,3433,3449,3451,3465,3477,3489,3496,3526,3564,3604,3655,3661,3687,3715,3735,3758,3775,3787,3838,3843,3853,3875,3922,3927,3930,3969,3980,4010,4034,4037,4051,4055,4067,4088,4130,4194,4253,4282,4309,4323,4342,4357,4366,4375,4394],"Alcohol":[23],"Review":[24],"Addiction":[26,60,179,2758],"Research":[27,3542],"(Fountain":[28,377,2790],"1998).":[31,380,939,2319,2793],"Of":[32],"the":[33,53,117,164,209,258,276,304,313,343,447,457,476,565,771,795,798,817,845,855,884,910,936,944,958,976,996,1002,1012,1071,1145,1184,1220,1240,1276,1306,1327,1339,1344,1350,1490,1550,1571,1641,1685,1704,1720,1735,1785,1793,1808,1817,1842,1873,1902,1944,1955,1988,2037,2083,2097,2100,2109,2119,2143,2148,2210,2240,2268,2273,2294,2307,2332,2359,2374,2393,2401,2419,2443,2454,2508,2532,2565,2589,2612,2630,2723,2737,2774,2785,2857,2872,2899,2922,2925,2941,3012,3024,3091,3133,3154,3165,3172,3193,3207,3241,3277,3341,3348,3373,3390,3406,3424,3427,3456,3463,3508,3630,3638,3650,3671,3675,3742,3748,3803,3901,3905,3937,3963,3967,4007,4022,4045,4053,4059,4076,4106,4111,4118,4170,4196,4201,4231,4251,4289,4320,4336,4352,4381],"291":[34],"scrutinized,":[36],"only":[37,91,3058],"17":[38],"(6%)":[39],"reported":[40],"studies":[42,307,573,619,923,2511],"that":[43,127,148,178,195,201,235,322,404,450,530,742,779,827,861,902,924,1172,1181,1576,1811,1977,2081,2152,2170,2177,2183,2196,2224,2296,2403,2421,2540,2593,2628,2715,2887,2951,3053,3156,3202,3272,3308,3360,3370,3504,3668,3819,3850,3877,3885,3913,3923,3947],"had":[44,1117],"wholly":[45],"or":[46,101,113,697,723,880,900,1022,1040,1301,1584,1603,1694,1712,1753,1764,1776,2519,2554,2843,3204,3258,3318,3404,3414,3420,3539,3552,3646,3828,3895,3957,4115],"partially":[47],"used":[48,687,744,1190,1266,1311,1456,1599,1612,1897,2325,2356,2461,2673],"qualitative":[49,64,88,96,120,137,152,182,210,244,295,306,340,345,363,383,405,440,471,504,572,616,643,658,683,711,736,773,799,809,1046,1179,1308,1357,1451,1577,1592,1605,1627,1960,2058,2263,2322,2396,2469,2510,2585,2603,2650,2716,2733,2769,2795,2822,2868,2903,2916,2948,3000,3019,3054,3082,3088,3139,3213,3295,3314,3338,3378,3435,3468,3486,3809,3908,4038,4082],"methods.":[50],"proportion":[54],"(at":[55],"2%)":[56],"was":[57,123,143,1547,2155,2173,2290],"even":[58,1713,3844],"lower.":[59],"just":[62,1590,2197],"2004:":[67],"Amos":[68],"et":[69,73,1110,1157,1259,1439,1508,1914,2458,2665,3188],"al.":[70,74,1111,1158,1260,1440,1509,1915,2459,2666,3189],"(2004);":[71,75],"Furst":[72],"Rhodes,":[77],"Davis":[78],"Judd":[80],"(2004).":[81],"Such":[82,3120,4276],"marginality":[83],"prompts":[84],"uncomfortable":[85],"questions.":[86],"Is":[87],"addiction":[89,110,441,810,1192,1868,2076,2154,2172,2231,2541,2566,3766,4119],"research":[90,153,255,384,442,472,505,508,712,737,1067,1317,1328,1345,2094,2140,2367,2542,2651,2692,2860,3020,3089,3140,3315,3402,3418,3509,3617,3733,3909,4078,4321,4331],"minority":[93,1369],"interest?":[94],"Are":[95],"analyses":[97],"somehow":[98],"less":[99,102,576,1075,3391],"informative":[100],"valuable":[103,352,2063],"than":[104,578,636,1081],"quantitative":[105,507,543,579,618,652,680,694,715,728,1059,1359,1453,1594,1978,3070,3130,3386,3444,3517],"investigations?":[106],"Or":[107],"do":[108,3056,3313,3879],"some":[109,162,769,793,877,1639,3216,3332],"journals":[111,250],"directly":[112,3645],"indirectly":[114,3647],"militate":[115],"against":[116],"publication":[118],"of":[119,136,163,243,261,264,326,338,354,478,595,601,704,749,759,768,770,777,794,797,819,822,848,852,912,921,935,973,978,987,1001,1008,1073,1099,1105,1127,1147,1169,1214,1219,1278,1403,1450,1516,1527,1541,1552,1587,1626,1638,1640,1646,1648,1689,1706,1719,1723,1734,1739,1742,1819,1829,1837,1880,1887,1940,1946,1954,1959,2049,2086,2099,2108,2112,2121,2213,2257,2293,2306,2337,2361,2389,2395,2432,2476,2497,2524,2569,2576,2632,2671,2679,2686,2740,2820,2851,2877,2902,2924,2929,2944,2961,2981,2989,3014,3026,3042,3050,3087,3101,3123,3175,3237,3244,3251,3262,3270,3291,3300,3335,3350,3372,3375,3426,3442,3467,3507,3657,3783,3790,3807,3855,3907,3943,3971,3978,3990,4015,4020,4103,4113,4133,4216,4230,4288,4299,4373,4383],"research?":[121],"It":[122,1806],"with":[124,351,365,547,894,1066,1132,1272,1288,1816,2077,2218,2242,2418,2536,3028,3112,3316,3516,3596,4013,4050,4296,4380],"interest,":[125],"then,":[126],"we":[128,193,196,236,3325,3328,3345,3358,3382],"received":[129],"an":[130,366,739,756,1427,1692,1709,1731,2304,2883,2992,3607,3772,3987,4070,4156],"invitation":[131],"to":[132,144,190,208,218,231,238,371,417,445,453,535,555,583,587,630,651,660,668,689,698,727,745,815,830,843,905,1079,1091,1143,1163,1203,1298,1305,1318,1337,1348,1387,1406,1464,1497,1548,1557,1616,1675,1790,1796,1871,1904,1931,1965,2013,2027,2039,2052,2179,2199,2272,2277,2285,2300,2326,2357,2373,2408,2450,2467,2491,2507,2587,2610,2663,2674,2720,2745,2751,2771,2871,2892,2973,2998,3060,3066,3069,3075,3080,3105,3115,3127,3144,3210,3227,3282,3330,3364,3430,3460,3470,3482,3502,3599,3614,3625,3629,3678,3721,3726,3737,3770,3799,3802,3816,3835,3871,3899,4044,4052,4072,4154,4164,4175,4180,4198,4210,4225,4248,4258,4285,4319,4349,4363],"write":[133,4267],"review":[135,767,1966],"methods":[138,346,376,567,676,1445,1460,1595,1979,2059,2264,2397,2770,3214,3436,3734],"for":[139,389,717,1151,1296,1423,1560,1948,1986,2482,2614,2643,2712,2995,3093,3276,3385,3395,3485,3594,4192,4306],"Addiction.":[140,253],"Our":[141],"brief":[142,766,2500,3697],"produce":[145,1470,3265],"statement":[147],"would":[149,3169,3383],"explain":[150,2055,3061,3076],"what":[151,222,760,1225,3017,3327,3682,4316],"is,":[154,3021],"highlight":[155,3326],"its":[156,171,186,1043,2247,2381,3029],"strengths":[157,2901],"weaknesses,":[159],"outline":[161],"important":[165,806,1732,1964,2132,2654,3333,3988],"principles":[166],"processes":[168,459,3349],"involved":[169,1119,1377,1525,2314,3648],"undertaking.":[172],"The":[173,227,812,840,1484,1623,1757,2347,2522,3040,3097],"offer":[174,232],"provided":[175,348,362,1173,1651],"reassuring":[176],"evidence":[177,2819],"does":[180,753],"welcome":[181],"work":[183,245,519,544,644,2353,2949,3339],"recognizes":[185],"importance.":[187],"responding":[189],"our":[191,214],"task,":[192],"hope":[194],"have":[197,292,308,347,780,925,991,1070,1265,1310,1375,1461,1511,2060,2208,2512,2605,2824,3215,3346,3409,3798,4002],"written":[198],"paper":[200],"will":[202,791,3643,3841,3847,3916,4084,4097,4138,4144,4278,4317],"especially":[203,2331],"interest":[204,274],"assist":[206,1341],"newcomers":[207],"field.":[211],"For":[212,570,641,940,1107,1227,1364,1664,2424,2619,3191,3343,3718,3762,3811],"others,":[213],"intention":[215,841],"is":[216,229,333,385,401,416,520,545,605,627,738,743,828,842,916,1005,1024,1194,1574,1650,1807,2011,2025,2232,2398,2405,2623,2652,2714,2991,3011,3090,3152,3274,3304,3429,3459,3561,3570,3579,3587,3673,3684,3986,3994,4161,4221,4328,4332,4377],"not":[217,386,725,754,3057,3588,3880],"offend":[219],"by":[220,460,719,783,929,1011,1191,1238,1247,1431,1652,1755,1921,2035,2383,2400,2767,3023,3892],"reporting":[221],"may":[223,1335,1667,1681,1760,2227,3195,3705,4001,4124,4151,4173],"sometimes":[224,1754],"seem":[225,4093],"obvious.":[226],"aim":[228,415,1546,3425],"rather":[230,635],"reminder":[234],"need":[237,3059,3074,3725,3834,4174,4313],"see":[239,631,833,3618],"high":[241,2211,3249],"standard":[242],"appearing":[246],"more":[247,284,549,585,606,1585,1604,2078,2248,2936,2978,3146,3415,3804],"often":[248,890,2543,3109],"such":[251,268,462,3266,4387],"as":[252,269,283,522,633,648,1034,1036,1049,1591,2552,2702,2704,2782,2784,2959,3161,3182,3184,3576,3578,4233,4236,4388],"Qualitative":[254,518,675,2031,2366,2549,4330],"has":[256,278,361,438,802,1188,1974,2095,2128,2368,3677],"been":[257,309,781,927,993,1118,1189,1376,1462,1975,2370,2514,3410],"historical":[259],"bedrock":[260],"number":[263,600,2685],"social":[265,448,458,499,1020,1891,1989,2175,2312,2333,2533,2591,2741,2873,3166],"science":[266],"disciplines,":[267],"anthropology":[270],"history.":[272],"However,":[273],"approach":[277,1186],"grown":[279],"recent":[281,789,2762],"decades":[282],"researchers":[285,350,406,787,1193,1666,2586,2604,2717,2759,2823,3055,3724,3767,3797,4039],"basic":[287,4101],"disciplines":[288],"applied":[290],"fields":[291],"adopted":[293,3037],"paradigm":[296],"(Miles":[297,431,2754],"Huberman":[299,433,2756],"1994,":[300],"p.":[301,838,2007],"1).":[302],"Within":[303],"addictions,":[305],"occurring":[310,4057],"regularly":[311,2825],"since":[312],"1920s.":[314],"fact,":[316],"Feldman":[317],"Aldrich":[319],"(1990)":[320],"suggest":[321],"Herodotus'":[323],"fifth-century":[324],"account":[325,421,758,1828],"marijuana":[327,1009,1032],"use":[328,455,990,1408,1434,1520,2044,2069,2114,2394,2807],"Scythian":[330],"purification":[331],"rites":[332],"very":[335,918,2062,2814,3217,3794,4003,4140],"early":[336],"example":[337,718,1449,1733],"ethnography.":[341],"Over":[342],"years,":[344,2763],"techniques":[353,659,774,1047,1274,1578,1606,2323,2550,2609,2796,2917,2939,3065,3480],"scientific":[355,2927],"inquiry.":[356],"return,":[358],"taking":[360,2317],"investigators":[364,1309],"ideal":[367],"arena":[368],"which":[370,461,2748,2752,3560],"apply":[372],"develop":[374],"their":[375,410,414,428,1087,1125,1165,1205,1215,1244,1381,1797,1926,2020,2023,2050,2598,2617,2878,2894,3064,3113,3731,3784,3914,4016,4042,4127,4131,4307],"Although":[381],"defining":[382],"straightforward":[387],"(see,":[388],"example:":[390],"Denzin":[391],"Lincoln":[393],"1994;":[394,1502],"Lambert,":[395],"Ashery":[396],"Needle":[398],"1995),":[399],"it":[400,626,834,1573,1962,1968,1973,2010,2168,3151,3273,3993,4150],"generally":[402,590,1801,4333],"accepted":[403],"study":[407,695,1007,1286,1402,1524,1615,1836,2879,3379,3428,3672,3820,3973,4252],"phenomena":[408,722],"natural":[411],"settings":[412],"understand":[418,844,2014,2040],"how":[419,490,831,1019,1029,1249,1933,2015,3845],"people":[420,823,1115,1334,1415,2781,3846,4242,4255],"for,":[422],"take":[423,584,1682,3550],"action":[424,1316],"otherwise":[426],"manage":[427],"day-to-day":[429],"situations":[430],"1994).":[434,2757],"As":[435,2647,2909,3515,3621],"Rhodes":[436],"(2000)":[437,965,1230,2642],"argued,":[439],"seeks":[443,814],"both":[444,1312,2773,3562],"describe":[446,746,816],"meanings":[449,463,851],"participants":[451,1287,2861,3821,3974],"attach":[452],"are":[464,492,509,531,568,574,903,1061,1201,1209,1480,1629,1748,1800,1812,1980,1997,2559,2718,2797,2906,2969,3108,3454,3511,3768,3814,3831,3858,4049],"created,":[465],"reinforced":[466],"reproduced.":[468],"particular,":[470],"focuses":[473],"exploring":[475,720,1248,2384],"details":[477],"people's":[479,906],"lived":[480,1721],"experiences":[481,1126,1168,1722,2388,2475,2496],"appreciating":[484],"why":[485,1037,1967],"drug-using":[486,2700],"behaviours":[487,2310,3201],"occur":[488,3365,3842],"they":[491,832,1038,1680,2016,2422,3168,3779,3813,3833,3878,3924,4048,4096,4137,4143,4312],"understood":[493,2181],"different":[495,498],"contexts":[496],"among":[497,952,2779],"groups":[500,1053,1781,1900,2490,2701,3830],"(Rhodes":[501],"1995).":[502,640,733,2548],"Frequently,":[503,4109],"described":[510],"oppositional":[512],"terms":[513,1213,2256],"(Martin":[514,1991],"Stenner":[516,1993,2912],"2004).":[517,1994],"perceived":[521],"falling":[523],"within":[524,1613,3340],"'realist'":[526],"tradition,":[527],"utilizing":[528],"data":[529,596,684,778,1094,1467,1529,1608,1628,1747,1833,1919,2349,2672,2724,2734,3051,3296,3469,3498,3626,3631,3719,4273,4291,4300,4347],"'deep'":[532],"'rich'":[534],"explore":[536,1144,1872,1932,2053,2492,2772],"'subjective":[537],"understandings'":[538],"'values'.":[540],"contrast,":[542,2690],"associated":[546,2216,2535,4012],"'positivist'":[550],"epistemology,":[551],"employing":[552],"'hard":[553],"data'":[554],"focus":[556,1052,2489,3829],"'objectivity'":[558],"'fact'":[560],"(ibid.).":[561],"Important":[562],"differences":[563],"between":[564,946,1875,2856],"two":[566,1602],"evident.":[569],"example,":[571,642,941,1108,1228,1365,1665,2425,2620,3192,3709,3812,3891],"typically":[575,2682],"structured":[577],"ones":[580],"tend":[582,3226,3363,3481,4348],"time":[586,4191,4308],"complete.":[588],"They":[589,888,3072,3744],"yield":[591],"much":[592,2525,4014,4234],"larger":[593],"volumes":[594],"from":[597,692,1042,1101,1234,1672,1834,2045,2246,2351,2637,3233,3536,4200],"smaller":[599],"individuals.":[602,1106],"Additionally,":[603],"explicitly":[607],"interpretive,":[608],"creative":[609],"personal":[611,1267,1714,2828,3452,3763],"(Walker":[612],"1985).":[613,3514,3865,4369],"Despite":[614],"this,":[615,2821],"can":[620,645,677,713,1361,1596,1610,1658,1699,1767,1848,2583,2693,2735,2881,2953,3004,3035,3141,3180,3264,3312,3549,3555,3691,3925,3950,4025],"usefully":[621],"be":[622,646,669,686,762,1362,1598,1611,1659,1701,1761,1777,1788,1970,2028,2180,2200,2228,2301,2409,2955,3036,3228,3331,3438,3471,3483,3493,3500,3574,3592,3634,3644,3679,3692,3706,3727,3800,3869,3911,3917,3951,4027,4125,4152,4176,4189,4206,4239,4304,4314,4350],"undertaken":[623,4379],"together":[624],"therefore":[628],"better":[629],"them":[632,1090,1271,1295,2726,3393,4360],"complementary":[634],"adversarial":[637],"approaches":[638,1454],"(McKeganey":[639],"performed":[647],"preliminary":[650],"research.":[653,811,1196,3387],"This":[654,1523,2127,2289,3554,3636,4064],"might":[655,685,761,1969],"involve":[656,1284,1579,1768],"using":[657,1170,1841,2768,3730],"provide":[661,1446,1730,4211,4226],"background":[662],"information":[663,1906,2080,2829,3271,3716,3759,4212,4235,4284],"issues":[665,1100,1393,3003,3597,4092],"concepts":[667],"investigated":[670,2428,3686],"subsequent":[673,1254],"survey.":[674],"also":[678,889,2369,2653,3073,3368,3746,3868,4205,4266],"supplement":[679,1618,4286],"work.":[681],"Here,":[682,1197,2392],"either":[688],"validate":[690,1620],"findings":[691,2952,4322],"('triangulation')":[696],"help":[699,1336,3142,4295],"build":[700],"wider":[702],"picture":[703],"particular":[706,1299,3173,4046],"phenomenon":[707],"under":[708],"investigation.":[709],"Thirdly,":[710],"complement":[714],"work,":[716,2904,3487],"complex":[721,2308,2590],"areas":[724,1476],"amenable":[726],"inquiry":[729],"(Pope":[730],"Mays":[732],"practice,":[735,2262,4019],"umbrella":[740],"term":[741],"variety":[748,3025],"methodological":[750],"approaches.":[751],"Space":[752],"permit":[755],"exhaustive":[757],"involved,":[763,3832],"but":[764,1269,2812,3548,4246,4260],"main":[772,1241,1624],"sources":[776,972,1468,1609,2670,4215],"employed":[782,2266],"alcohol":[786,913,1153,1519,2068,2214,2230,2455,2498],"years":[790],"illustrate":[792],"diversity":[796,1958],"paradigm.":[800],"Ethnography":[801],"played":[803],"particularly":[805,2813],"role":[807,1325],"ethnographer":[813],"lives":[818,2983],"group":[821,863],"way":[826],"faithful":[829],"themselves":[835,3079,3881],"(McNeill":[836],"1990,":[837],"64).":[839],"underlying":[846],"patterns":[847,2678],"behaviour":[849,1686,2024],"culture\u2014including":[854],"tacit":[856],"rules,":[857,3031],"symbols":[858],"rituals":[860],"guide":[862],"norms":[864],"(Geertz":[865],"1973;":[866],"Agar":[867],"1986,":[868],"1996).":[869,1504],"Ethnographers":[870],"depend":[871],"heavily":[872],"observation":[874,3159,3263,3854],"and,":[875,3825],"cases,":[878],"complete":[879,1677],"partial":[881],"integration":[882],"into":[883,1058,1353,1909,3164],"society":[885],"being":[886,1074,1199,1321,1455,2890,3685,3959,4378],"studied.":[887],"conduct":[891,1080],"in-depth":[892,3256],"interviews":[893,1631,1799,3157,3257],"community":[895,1313,1371,1404],"members":[896,3656],"examine":[898,2327],"materials":[899,1847,3488],"artefacts":[901],"relevant":[904,3126],"everyday":[907,2110,3301],"lives.":[908,2089],"field":[911,3632,3749],"research,":[914,1961,3518,3992],"there":[915,2905,3303],"long":[919],"tradition":[920],"ethnographic":[922,1084,2093,2139,2691],"mostly":[926],"anthropologists":[930,2207],"working":[931],"remote":[933],"regions":[934],"world":[937,1990],"(SIRC":[938],"Lemert":[942],"examined":[943,2442],"relationship":[945,1874],"drinking,":[947,2116],"alienation":[948],"cultural":[950,2335,2875],"change":[951,1561],"North-west":[953],"coast":[954],"Native":[955],"Americans":[956],"1950s":[959,2144],"(Lemert":[960],"1958).":[961],"More":[962,1505],"recently,":[963,1506],"Eber":[964],"explored":[966,3512],"female":[967],"identities,":[968],"roles,":[969],"relationships":[970],"power":[974,1736],"context":[977,1023,2111],"women":[979],"drinking":[981,1437,2041,2244,2483],"Mexican":[984],"community.":[985],"Ethnographies":[986],"illicit":[988],"predominantly":[992],"United":[997,1491],"States":[998],"one":[1000,1583,1614,1769,1772,3413,3696],"most":[1003,2406,3902],"often-quoted":[1004],"users":[1010,1726,2160,2185,2446,2596,2963,3613,3999],"sociologist,":[1013],"Howard":[1014],"Becker":[1015,1017],"(1953).":[1016],"showed":[1018,2169],"setting":[1021,1292,3167],"significant":[1026],"determinant":[1027],"individuals":[1030,1690,1937,2189,2412,2945],"become":[1031,3283],"users,":[1033,3653],"well":[1035,2703,2783,3183],"continue":[1039],"desist":[1041],"use.":[1044,2288],"Other":[1045],"(such":[1048,2551],"themed":[1050],"interviews,":[1051],"open-ended":[1055],"questions":[1056,2463,3107,3419,3740],"inserted":[1057],"surveys)":[1060],"one-off":[1064],"contact":[1065,3852],"subjects":[1068,3906],"advantage":[1072],"time-consuming":[1076],"cheaper":[1078],"full":[1083,2645],"study.":[1085,3743,4202],"Equally,":[1086,1679,2574],"flexibility":[1088,4066],"enables":[1089],"generate":[1092,2468,3900,4364],"good-quality":[1093],"wide":[1097,1103],"range":[1098,1104],"Nygaard":[1109],"(2003)":[1112,1159,1510],"interviewed":[1113,1140,1160],"young":[1114,2780],"who":[1116,2190,3642,4000,4185,4243,4256,4294],"drink":[1121,1128,1133,4114],"driving":[1122,1129],"episodes":[1123],"about":[1124,1907,2075,2415,2864,3016,3681,3729,4006],"riding":[1131],"drivers.":[1134],"Beich,":[1135],"Gannik":[1136],"Malterud":[1138],"(2002)":[1139,1824],"general":[1141,2106,2479],"practitioners":[1142],"suitability":[1146],"screening-based":[1149],"intervention":[1150,2501],"excessive":[1152],"use,":[1154],"Lawrie":[1156],"pharmacy":[1161],"customers":[1162],"ascertain":[1164],"views":[1166,2386,2494],"pharmacies":[1171],"needle":[1174,2338],"exchange":[1175],"services.":[1176,2365],"A":[1177,1635,3084,4080],"further":[1178,3085],"technique":[1180],"builds":[1182],"upon":[1183],"interview":[1185,1758,1809,1832,3106,3949,4157,4340],"narrative":[1195,1711],"those":[1198,1320,2889,2996,3067,3128,3198,3381,3641],"studied":[1200,1322],"encouraged":[1202,2719],"tell":[1204],"stories":[1206,1268],"these":[1208,1331,1649,3361,3793,3840,4346],"then":[1210,1700,2355],"analysed":[1211,1231,1862,1917],"form":[1216,1277,1705],"(e.g.":[1217,1224],"structure":[1218,4358],"plot)":[1221],"happened).":[1226],"Hilte":[1229],"women's":[1232],"recovery":[1233],"psychoactive":[1235],"substance":[1236,2087,2125,2537,2595,2806],"abuse":[1237,2681],"examining":[1239],"characters":[1242],"accounts":[1245],"characters'":[1250],"actions":[1251],"impacted":[1252],"events.":[1255],"Not":[1256],"dissimilarly,":[1257],"McKeganey":[1258,2341],"(1995)":[1261],"Hughes":[1263],"(1998)":[1264,1896,2427],"combined":[1270],"projective":[1273],"vignettes":[1279],"extended":[1281],"vignettes.":[1282],"These":[1283,1697],"presenting":[1285],"character":[1290],"asking":[1294],"responses":[1297,1405,1794,3104,3889],"events":[1300,2749,3117],"moral":[1302],"dilemmas.":[1303],"Further":[1304,2506],"above,":[1307,1572,2509],"engagement":[1314],"give":[1319,3145],"participatory":[1324],"process.":[1329],"approaches,":[1332],"local":[1333,1354,1366,1414,4214],"design":[1338],"study,":[1340],"conducting":[1343,3129],"contribute":[1347],"feeding":[1349],"results":[1351],"back":[1352],"action.":[1355],"Both":[1356],"components":[1360],"involved.":[1363],"black":[1367],"ethnic":[1370],"organizations":[1372],"across":[1373],"England":[1374],"recently":[1378],"undertaking":[1380,3336],"own":[1382,3030],"needs":[1383],"assessment":[1384,1444,1459,1515],"projects":[1385],"relating":[1386,3598],"prevention,":[1389,1564],"education":[1390],"treatment":[1392,2379,2404],"(Winters":[1394],"Patel":[1396],"2003).":[1397],"Scotland,":[1399],"meanwhile,":[1400],"rural":[1410],"Lanarkshire":[1411],"resulted":[1412,2129],"initiating":[1416],"breakfast":[1418],"club":[1419,1422],"homework":[1421],"children":[1424],"living":[1425],"area":[1428],"badly":[1429],"affected":[1430],"illegal":[1432,2804],"problem":[1436,1542,2243,3010],"(Parkin":[1438],"2001).":[1441,3620],"Lastly,":[1442],"rapid":[1443,1486,1514],"good":[1448,3337,3377],"together.":[1457,2600],"Rapid":[1458],"developed":[1463,2606,3593],"exploit":[1465],"diverse":[1466,4033],"quick,":[1471],"practically":[1472,3580],"orientatated":[1473],"assessments":[1474,1487],"where":[1477,2557,2722,3837],"epidemiological":[1478],"systems":[1479],"poor":[1481],"(Vingoe":[1482],"2000).":[1483],"first":[1485],"occurred":[1488],"Nations":[1492],"Control":[1494],"Programme":[1495],"missions":[1496],"Vietnam":[1498],"Lebanon":[1500],"(Ingold":[1501],"Power":[1503],"Fitch":[1507],"Jersey.":[1522],"existing":[1528,1563],"sources,":[1530],"key":[1531],"stakeholder":[1532],"interviews/focus":[1533],"groups,":[1534],"community-recruited":[1536],"survey":[1537],"prevalence":[1539,2778],"estimation":[1540],"users.":[1544],"Its":[1545],"inform":[1549,2358],"development":[1551,2120],"strategy":[1553],"performance":[1554],"indicators":[1555],"make":[1558],"recommendations":[1559],"law":[1565],"enforcement":[1566],"surveillance":[1568],"activities.":[1569],"From":[1570],"clear":[1575,3680],"collecting":[1580],"analysing":[1582,1830,3240],"types":[1586,1625],"data.":[1588,2618,3810],"Moreover,":[1589],"profitably":[1597],"together,":[1600],"so":[1601,2091,2743,3818,3849,3946],"complement,":[1617],"each":[1621,1647,3948],"other.":[1622],"observations,":[1630],"documentary":[1633,4338],"materials.":[1634,3293],"useful":[1636],"summary":[1637],"respective":[1642],"advantages":[1643],"disadvantages":[1645],"Creswell":[1653],"(2003,":[1654],"pp.":[1655],"186\u2013187).":[1656],"Observations":[1657],"gathered":[1660],"various":[1662,2321],"ways.":[1663],"engage":[1668],"roles":[1670],"varying":[1671],"non-participant":[1674],"participant.":[1678],"fieldnotes":[1683,4269,4277],"activities":[1688,3362],"unstructured":[1693,1765,3292],"semistructured":[1695,1763,1831],"way.":[1696],"notes":[1698],"kept":[1702,4240],"diary,":[1708],"unfolding":[1710],"letters.":[1715],"Bourgois'":[1716],"direct":[1717],"observations":[1718],"homeless":[1724],"heroin":[1725,1910],"San":[1728],"Francisco":[1729],"value":[1738],"this":[1740,1947,2034,2352,2713,2765,2788,2987,3323,3572,3690,3935,3985,4220,4327,4371],"type":[1741],"material":[1743,2470,3245],"(Bourgois":[1744],"1998a,b).":[1745],"Interview":[1746],"usually":[1749,3546],"collected":[1750,3501],"person":[1752],"telephone.":[1756],"format":[1759],"structured,":[1762],"interviewer":[1770],"respondent":[1773,3194,3602,4160,4172],"(one-to-one":[1774],"interviewing)":[1775],"small":[1780,2942],"(focus":[1782],"groups).":[1783],"Because":[1784,2048,3294,4345],"researcher":[1786,2038,2858,3208,3281,3639,3676,3938,3964,4083,4353],"cannot":[1787],"expected":[1789,3788],"remember":[1791],"all":[1792,3225,3505,3920,3972,4287],"given":[1795,3177,4195,4324],"questions,":[1798],"audio-recorded":[1802],"transcribed":[1804],"verbatim.":[1805],"transcripts":[1810,4341],"later":[1813],"analysed,":[1814],"increasingly":[1815],"assistance":[1818,4382],"computer":[1820,1843,4384],"software":[1821,4385],"packages.":[1822],"Neale":[1823,2426],"provides":[1825],"detailed":[1827,4268,4343],"non-fatal":[1838],"overdose":[1840],"program":[1844],"WinmaxPro.":[1845],"Documentary":[1846],"include":[1849,3392,4279],"newspaper":[1850],"articles,":[1851],"books,":[1852],"reports,":[1853],"casenotes":[1854],"audio-visual":[1856],"digital":[1858],"media.":[1859],"Cooper":[1860],"(2004)":[1861,1916,2487,2913],"297":[1863],"medical":[1864,2150],"articles":[1865],"opiate":[1867,1881,1888],"order":[1870,2972,3898,4224,4356,4362],"US":[1876],"health":[1877,2275,2504],"professionals'":[1878],"theories":[1879],"addiction's":[1882],"aetiology":[1883],"contemporaneous":[1885],"perceptions":[1886,2473],"addicts'":[1889],"race/ethnicity,":[1890],"class":[1892],"gender.":[1894],"Gilman":[1895],"Usenet":[1898],"news":[1899],"internet":[1903],"gather":[1905],"routes":[1908],"addiction,":[1911],"Taylor":[1913],"video":[1918],"produced":[1920,3246],"filming":[1922],"injectors":[1924],"homes":[1927],"other":[1929,2281,2436,2834,2934,3002,3081,3701,4168,4290],"venues":[1930,2556],"injecting":[1934,2286,2328,2838],"practices":[1935,2329],"place":[1936],"at":[1938,2921,3823,3919,4146],"risk":[1939,2309],"HCV":[1941],"infection":[1942],"implications":[1945],"harm":[1949,2363],"reduction.":[1950],"Having":[1951],"introduced":[1952],"something":[1953],"nature":[1956],"seems":[1963],"used.":[1971],"Fundamentally,":[1972],"argued":[1976],"too":[1981,1984,4162],"narrow":[1982],"reductionist":[1985],"studying":[1987],"Human":[1995],"beings":[1996],"purposeful,":[1998],"goal-seeking,":[1999],"feeling,":[2000],"meaning-attributing":[2001],"meaning-responding":[2003],"creatures":[2004],"(Hughes":[2005],"1976,":[2006],"24).":[2008],"Consequently,":[2009],"necessary":[2012,4153],"perceive":[2017],"interpret":[2019],"environment":[2021],"if":[2022,3583,3826,4219],"ever":[2026],"interpreted":[2029],"usefully.":[2030],"investigations":[2032],"facilitate":[2033,2862],"enabling":[2036],"participants'":[2046,3872],"perspectives.":[2047],"capacity":[2051],"human":[2056],"behaviour,":[2057,2837],"proved":[2061],"demystifying":[2065],"replacing":[2071],"stereotypes":[2072],"myths":[2074],"accurate":[2079,3147],"reflects":[2082],"daily":[2084],"reality":[2085],"users'":[2088,2385,2430,2528,3103,3659],"doing,":[2092],"humanized":[2096],"image":[2098],"taker":[2102],"drinker,":[2104],"improved":[2105],"understanding":[2107,2305,2980],"facilitated":[2118],"socio-cultural":[2122],"perspectives":[2123],"consumption.":[2126],"ultimately":[2130],"new":[2133,2259,2633,2697,2705],"theory,":[2134],"policy":[2135,2260],"practice.":[2137],"Thus,":[2138],"1960s":[2146],"questioned":[2147,2209],"prevailing":[2149],"assumption":[2151,3307],"disease":[2157],"were":[2161,2186,2191,2265,2324,2354,4244],"passive,":[2162],"anxious":[2163],"inadequate":[2165],"people.":[2166],"Instead,":[2167],"experience":[2176],"needed":[2178,2299,3571],"normal":[2187],"self-determining":[2188],"participating":[2192,2946],"life-style":[2195],"happened":[2198],"deviant":[2201],"(Faupel":[2202],"1991;":[2203],"Stephens":[2204],"1991).":[2205],"Similarly,":[2206,2867,3239,3778,4311],"level":[2212,4102],"problems":[2215],"commonly":[2217,3297],"tribal":[2219],"village":[2221],"cultures,":[2222],"arguing":[2223],"while":[2225,2439,2841],"drunkenness":[2226],"common,":[2229],"actually":[2233],"rare":[2234],"(Leland":[2235],"1976;":[2236],"Heath":[2237],"1982).":[2238],"Furthermore,":[2239,2732],"preoccupation":[2241],"detracts":[2245],"pleasurable":[2249],"routinized":[2251],"aspects":[2252,3299,3506],"(Levine":[2253],"1981).":[2254],"formulating":[2258],"1990s":[2269],"response":[2271],"public":[2274],"imperative":[2276],"reduce":[2278],"HIV":[2279],"blood-borne":[2282],"infections":[2283],"linked":[2284],"recognition":[2292],"fact":[2295],"effective":[2297,2410,2799],"interventions":[2298],"based":[2302,4334],"factors":[2313],"(Leshner":[2318],"Accordingly,":[2320],"dimensions":[2336],"sharing":[2339],"(cf.":[2340],"Barnard":[2343],"1992;":[2344],"Grund":[2345],"1993).":[2346],"rich":[2348],"resulting":[2350],"expansion":[2360],"crucial":[2362],"reduction":[2364],"making":[2371],"contributions":[2372],"expanding":[2375],"literature":[2376,3407],"effectiveness":[2382],"service":[2390,2437],"provision.":[2391],"underpinned":[2399],"belief":[2402],"likely":[2407],"when":[2411,2448,3839,3996,4091,4326],"feel":[2413,3822],"positive":[2414],"satisfied":[2417],"support":[2420,4218],"receive.":[2423],"opinions":[2431,4281],"workers":[2434],"providers":[2438],"Copeland":[2440],"(1997)":[2441],"barriers":[2444],"face":[2447],"attempting":[2449],"access":[2451,3628],"help.":[2452],"field,":[2456],"Thom":[2457],"(1992)":[2460],"open":[2462],"free":[2465],"discussion":[2466,3609],"patients'":[2472,2493],"clinic":[2477],"practice-based":[2480],"care":[2481],"problems.":[2484],"Meanwhile,":[2485],"Lock":[2486],"primary":[2503],"care.":[2505],"always":[2513,4098,4303],"invaluable":[2515],"accessing":[2517],"'hidden'":[2518],"'hard-to-reach'":[2520],"populations.":[2521,2688],"illegality":[2523],"drug-related":[2526,2816,2835],"activity,":[2527],"erratic":[2529],"life-styles":[2530],"and/or":[2531,2803,3279],"stigma":[2534,4011],"misuse":[2538,2809],"mean":[2539,2950],"concerns":[2544,3121,4005],"hidden":[2545,2570,2687,2699,2707],"populations":[2546],"(Power":[2547],"interviewing":[2553,3827],"observing":[2555],"drugs":[2558,4116],"sold,":[2560],"bought":[2561],"consumed)":[2563],"increase":[2564,2775],"researcher's":[2567,4120],"knowledge":[2568],"hard-to-reach":[2572],"groups.":[2573],"feelings":[2575,2850],"trust":[2577,2852,3134,3968],"rapport":[2579,2854,3136],"emerging":[2580,2657],"fieldwork":[2582,4023,4107],"enable":[2584],"permeate":[2588],"networks":[2592],"link":[2594],"associates":[2599],"addition,":[2602,3962],"innovative":[2607],"sampling":[2608,2622,2938,3479],"minimize":[2611],"potential":[2613,3092,3529],"bias":[2615,3094],"snowball":[2621],"carefully":[2625],"staged":[2626],"process":[2627,4372],"involves":[2629,3523,3637],"recruitment":[2631],"respondents":[2634,2639,3143,3490,3945],"through":[2635,3525,3975],"referrals":[2636],"earlier":[2638],"(see":[2640],"Kemmesies":[2641],"description).":[2646],"indicated":[2648],"previously,":[2649],"identifying":[2656],"trends":[2658],"taking.":[2661],"According":[2662],"Clatts":[2664],"(2002),":[2667],"institutionally":[2668],"derived":[2669],"forecast":[2675],"changes":[2676],"omit":[2683],"identify":[2694,2746],"track":[2696],"drug-taking":[2708],"practices.":[2709],"One":[2710,3008],"reason":[2711],"go":[2721],"lead":[2725,2750],"(Belgrave,":[2727],"Zablotsky":[2728],"Guadagno":[2730],"2002).":[2731,2897],"preserve":[2736]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
