{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020537745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhl123","title":"Nonvisual Codes and Nonvisual Brain Areas Support Visual Working Memory","display_name":"Nonvisual Codes and Nonvisual Brain Areas Support Visual Working Memory","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020537745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhl123","mag":"2020537745","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17150984"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/cercor/bhl123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhl123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhl123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117898428","display_name":"Cerebral Cortex","issn_l":"1047-3211","issn":["1047-3211","1460-2199"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cerebral Cortex","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072055608","display_name":"Bradley R. Postle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8555-0148","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8555-0148"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. R. Postle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. postle@wisc.edu","Department of Psychology","Neuroscience Training Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. postle@wisc.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscience Training Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032943825","display_name":"Massihullah Hamidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5470-6565","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5470-6565"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Hamidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroscience Training Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscience Training Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":{"value":5038,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5038},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9708,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72440706,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"9","first_page":"2151","last_page":"2162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.36550000309944153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.36550000309944153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.23669999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.17249999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-working-memory","display_name":"visual working memory","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-task-interference","display_name":"dual-task interference","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saccade-generation","display_name":"saccade generation","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oculomotor-control","display_name":"oculomotor control","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perisylvian-cortex","display_name":"perisylvian cortex","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-period-activity","display_name":"delay-period activity","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-term-retention","display_name":"short-term retention","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-differences","display_name":"individual differences","score":0.7670000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.67487633228302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779226451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903809","display_name":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.61720871925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776378700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030775","display_name":"Distraction","level":2,"score":0.5939193367958069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5441405177116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.478933185338974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54170458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663554","display_name":"Voxel","level":2,"score":0.4773169457912445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27853696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3480151","display_name":"Interference theory","level":4,"score":0.45779213309288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120843803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955807","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","level":3,"score":0.4316122531890869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178278151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936607","display_name":"Visual memory","level":3,"score":0.42032235860824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3567379117012024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2666432559490204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.22945931553840637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13792535662651062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.137459397315979}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003463","descriptor_name":"Cues","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005133","descriptor_name":"Eye Movements","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007206","descriptor_name":"Individuality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007839","descriptor_name":"Functional Laterality","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008570","descriptor_name":"Memory, Short-Term","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/cercor/bhl123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhl123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhl123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117898428","display_name":"Cerebral Cortex","issn_l":"1047-3211","issn":["1047-3211","1460-2199"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cerebral Cortex","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17150984","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17150984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1870706702","display_name":"Investigating Cognitive and Neural Bases of Working Memory","funder_award_id":"R01MH064498","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G415873261","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MH064498","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150737145","https://openalex.org/W1494140916","https://openalex.org/W1591024681","https://openalex.org/W1607998299","https://openalex.org/W1827015254","https://openalex.org/W1954739257","https://openalex.org/W1966132803","https://openalex.org/W1968734935","https://openalex.org/W1989297865","https://openalex.org/W1999651610","https://openalex.org/W2002660165","https://openalex.org/W2007581462","https://openalex.org/W2008811988","https://openalex.org/W2013803214","https://openalex.org/W2015155554","https://openalex.org/W2019204298","https://openalex.org/W2031898792","https://openalex.org/W2032906399","https://openalex.org/W2036471179","https://openalex.org/W2037442395","https://openalex.org/W2041441429","https://openalex.org/W2050717100","https://openalex.org/W2052629590","https://openalex.org/W2058713030","https://openalex.org/W2064083967","https://openalex.org/W2067922444","https://openalex.org/W2069680091","https://openalex.org/W2072763599","https://openalex.org/W2073230422","https://openalex.org/W2082906925","https://openalex.org/W2089014919","https://openalex.org/W2091422371","https://openalex.org/W2094501694","https://openalex.org/W2100336384","https://openalex.org/W2101569691","https://openalex.org/W2111609296","https://openalex.org/W2116649573","https://openalex.org/W2121153303","https://openalex.org/W2121708660","https://openalex.org/W2122237418","https://openalex.org/W2123384830","https://openalex.org/W2128895590","https://openalex.org/W2129714602","https://openalex.org/W2137355367","https://openalex.org/W2137526341","https://openalex.org/W2139376466","https://openalex.org/W2140802989","https://openalex.org/W2146713200","https://openalex.org/W2160473191","https://openalex.org/W2162312483","https://openalex.org/W2168021161","https://openalex.org/W2171758085","https://openalex.org/W2233506624","https://openalex.org/W4232585737","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3191879784","https://openalex.org/W2138625212","https://openalex.org/W4412438991","https://openalex.org/W2892496257","https://openalex.org/W7066068048","https://openalex.org/W2974141551","https://openalex.org/W4224860713","https://openalex.org/W2801094235","https://openalex.org/W2017079380","https://openalex.org/W2129990946"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Systems":[0],"models":[1],"hold":[2],"working":[3,193],"memory":[4,163,194],"to":[5,39,79,116,155,191],"depend":[6],"on":[7,57,161],"specialized,":[8],"domain-specific":[9],"storage":[10],"buffers.":[11],"Here,":[12],"however,":[13],"we":[14],"demonstrate":[15],"that":[16,49,157,181],"short-term":[17,51],"retention":[18,52],"of":[19,24,44,53,62,75,98,113,132,143,173],"the":[20,36,50,72,106,120,130,141,149,171,174],"identity":[21],"or":[22,41],"location":[23],"visually":[25],"presented":[26],"stimuli":[27],"is":[28,109],"disrupted":[29],"by":[30,185],"nonvisual":[31,182,186],"secondary":[32,121],"tasks":[33],"performed":[34],"in":[35,123,129,140,170],"dark-passive":[37],"listening":[38,134],"nouns":[40],"endogenous":[42],"generation":[43],"saccades,":[45],"respectively.":[46],"This":[47],"indicates":[48],"visual":[54],"information":[55],"relies":[56],"multiple":[58],"mental":[59],"codes,":[60],"some":[61],"them":[63],"nonvisual.":[64],"Event-related":[65],"functional":[66],"magnetic":[67],"resonance":[68],"imaging":[69],"(fMRI)":[70],"reveals":[71],"neural":[73,150],"correlates":[74],"these":[76,147],"interference":[77,151,176],"effects":[78,93,152],"be":[80],"more":[81,84],"complex":[82],"and":[83,136],"regionally":[85],"specific":[86,154],"than":[87],"previously":[88],"described.":[89],"Although":[90],"nonspecific":[91],"dual-task":[92],"produce":[94],"a":[95,110],"generalized":[96],"decrease":[97],"task-evoked":[99],"fMRI":[100],"response":[101],"across":[102],"many":[103],"brain":[104,187],"regions,":[105,148],"interference-specific":[107],"effect":[108],"relative":[111],"increase":[112],"activity":[114,160],"localized":[115],"regions":[117,139],"associated":[118],"with":[119],"task":[122],"question:":[124],"left":[125],"hemisphere":[126],"perisylvian":[127],"cortex":[128],"case":[131,142],"passive":[133],"distraction":[135],"frontal":[137],"oculomotor":[138],"saccadic":[144],"distraction.":[145],"Within":[146],"are":[153],"voxels":[156],"show":[158],"delay-period":[159],"unfilled":[162],"trials.":[164],"They":[165],"also":[166],"predict":[167],"individual":[168],"differences":[169],"magnitude":[172],"behavioral":[175],"effect.":[177],"These":[178],"results":[179],"indicate":[180],"processes":[183],"supported":[184],"areas":[188],"contribute":[189],"importantly":[190],"\"visual\"":[192],"performance.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
