{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020508372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2346.2003.00354.x","title":"9/11 and the Past and Future of American Foreign Policy","display_name":"9/11 and the Past and Future of American Foreign Policy","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020508372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2346.2003.00354.x","mag":"2020508372"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1046/j.1468-2346.2003.00354.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2346.2003.00354.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2346.2003.00354.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79519963","display_name":"International Affairs","issn_l":"0020-5850","issn":["0020-5850","1468-2346","1473-7981","1473-799X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065258669","display_name":"Melvyn P. Leffler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8327-7125","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8327-7125"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Melvyn P. Leffler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065258669"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3743,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":4936},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.6168,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98914889,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"79","issue":"5","first_page":"1045","last_page":"1063"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14338","display_name":"Leadership, Human Resources, Global Affairs","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12825","display_name":"Defense, Military, and Policy Studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/september-11-attacks","display_name":"September 11 attacks","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bush-administration","display_name":"Bush administration","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/us-national-security-strategy","display_name":"US national security strategy","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/us-foreign-policy","display_name":"US foreign policy","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unilateralism","display_name":"unilateralism","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance-of-power","display_name":"balance of power","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/woodrow-wilson","display_name":"Woodrow Wilson","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hegemony","display_name":"hegemony","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/existential-risk","display_name":"existential risk","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/september-11-commission","display_name":"September 11 Commission","score":0.5299999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93377909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181648","display_name":"Foreign policy","level":3,"score":0.67913818359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5533603429794312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.426950067281723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.4210854172706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.354364812374115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.33964473009109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2008555829524994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08696073293685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.05373567342758179}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1046/j.1468-2346.2003.00354.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2346.2003.00354.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2346.2003.00354.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79519963","display_name":"International Affairs","issn_l":"0020-5850","issn":["0020-5850","1468-2346","1473-7981","1473-799X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6601999998092651,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090822033","https://openalex.org/W2112047051","https://openalex.org/W2128499846","https://openalex.org/W2313436268","https://openalex.org/W4231489672","https://openalex.org/W4233669473"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540988384","https://openalex.org/W2289255929","https://openalex.org/W2109824977","https://openalex.org/W6922207642","https://openalex.org/W2010296658","https://openalex.org/W2170661519","https://openalex.org/W2618129792","https://openalex.org/W2264032730","https://openalex.org/W2804234755","https://openalex.org/W2625015940"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Does":[0],"the":[1,6,25,30,34,39,47,50,87,99,113,148,166],"national":[2],"security":[3],"strategy":[4,27],"of":[5,32,36,49,106,115,133,165],"Bush":[7,26,51,122],"administration":[8,52],"constitute":[9,82],"a":[10,83,104,128,135],"radical":[11],"new":[12],"departure":[13,85],"or":[14,38,63,161],"does":[15],"it":[16],"possess":[17],"clear":[18],"links":[19],"to":[20,75],"past":[21],"American":[22],"policies?":[23],"Is":[24],"motivated":[28],"by":[29,111,119,152,163],"perception":[31],"threat,":[33],"pursuit":[35],"power,":[37],"quest":[40],"for":[41,131],"hegemony?":[42],"This":[43],"article":[44],"argues":[45],"that":[46,156],"policies":[48],"are":[53,68,126],"more":[54,57],"textured":[55],"and":[56,72,110,123,154],"conflicted":[58],"than":[59],"either":[60],"its":[61,64,144],"friends":[62],"foes":[65],"believe.":[66],"They":[67],"also":[69],"less":[70,73],"bold":[71],"likely":[74],"offer":[76],"enduring":[77],"solutions.":[78],"In":[79],"fact,":[80],"they":[81],"surprising":[84],"from":[86],"ways":[88],"most":[89],"former":[90],"US":[91],"administrations":[92],"have":[93],"dealt":[94],"with":[95],"\u2018existential\u2019":[96],"threats":[97,155],"in":[98],"twentieth":[100],"century.":[101],"By":[102],"championing":[103],"\u2018balance":[105],"power":[107],"favouring":[108],"freedom\u2019":[109],"eschewing":[112],"\u2018community":[114],"power\u2019":[116],"approach":[117],"propounded":[118],"Woodrow":[120],"Wilson,":[121],"his":[124],"advisers":[125],"charting":[127],"unilateralist":[129],"course":[130,136],"times":[132],"crisis,":[134],"neither":[137],"so":[138,141],"popular":[139],"nor":[140],"efficacious":[142],"as":[143],"proponents":[145],"think.":[146],"But":[147],"unilateralism":[149],"is":[150],"prompted":[151],"fears":[153],"must":[157],"not":[158],"be":[159],"dismissed":[160],"trivialized":[162],"critics":[164],"administration.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
