{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020469995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1533/ijcr.2005.0109","title":"Effects of pre-impact pedestrian position and motion on kinematics and injuries from vehicle and ground contact","display_name":"Effects of pre-impact pedestrian position and motion on kinematics and injuries from vehicle and ground contact","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020469995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1533/ijcr.2005.0109","mag":"2020469995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1533/ijcr.2005.0109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1533/ijcr.2005.0109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1533/ijcr.2005.0109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161318153","display_name":"International Journal of Crashworthiness","issn_l":"1358-8265","issn":["1358-8265","1754-2111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Crashworthiness","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077745130","display_name":"Ciaran Knut Simms","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5564-1620","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5564-1620"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C K Simms","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111492812","display_name":"Denis P. Wood","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D P Wood","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3028,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78079906,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"345","last_page":"355"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11487","display_name":"Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics","score":0.7964000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11487","display_name":"Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics","score":0.7964000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.19130000472068787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14445","display_name":"Transportation Safety and Impact Analysis","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian-injuries","display_name":"pedestrian injuries","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traumatic-brain-injury","display_name":"traumatic brain injury","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-impact-location","display_name":"head impact location","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-contact-forces","display_name":"ground contact forces","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision-velocity","display_name":"collision velocity","score":0.628000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.5889267921447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.5567625164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199310239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115667","display_name":"Impact","level":2,"score":0.5206671953201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.488412082195282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.47895509004592896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.4268653690814972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42316144704818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3828737437725067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3340705335140228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27516624331474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20390251278877258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1816449761390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17173460125923157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.1555788516998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.07657161355018616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1533/ijcr.2005.0109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1533/ijcr.2005.0109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1533/ijcr.2005.0109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161318153","display_name":"International Journal of Crashworthiness","issn_l":"1358-8265","issn":["1358-8265","1754-2111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Crashworthiness","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7250000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.504800021648407,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46528184","https://openalex.org/W1494034207","https://openalex.org/W1507795080","https://openalex.org/W1516243762","https://openalex.org/W1544293514","https://openalex.org/W1599599357","https://openalex.org/W2013263586","https://openalex.org/W2025784916","https://openalex.org/W2151060935","https://openalex.org/W2165451435","https://openalex.org/W2257371309","https://openalex.org/W3088602143"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550081253","https://openalex.org/W2214693747","https://openalex.org/W4290991027","https://openalex.org/W3014404328","https://openalex.org/W1009602278","https://openalex.org/W1981567285","https://openalex.org/W3036871707","https://openalex.org/W3105389653","https://openalex.org/W2767569138","https://openalex.org/W2241245033"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pedestrian":[0],"injuries":[1,181],"from":[2,6,195,248,275],"vehicle":[3,9,24,76,93,139,185,197,230,234,250,263,284],"collisions":[4],"arise":[5],"both":[7],"the":[8,11,23,48,51,69,73,79,92,111,115,129,138,147,151,160,163,173,184,196,203,207,210,216,220,224,229,242,249,262,276,283],"and":[10,46,75,78,114,153,162,168,209,251],"ground":[12,52,116,122,132,174,204,225,252,277],"contact.":[13,205],"Early":[14],"work":[15],"showed":[16],"that":[17,172,219],"above":[18],"7":[19],"m/s":[20],"collision":[21],"speed,":[22],"impact":[25,53,89,133,175,198,226,231,235,264,278],"is":[26,65,134,265,289],"responsible":[27],"for":[28,131,159,166,202,215,282],"higher":[29,143,200,280,292],"severity":[30,45,71,98],"injuries.":[31],"There":[32],"has":[33],"now":[34],"been":[35],"considerable":[36],"development":[37],"of":[38,50,72,81,150,223],"car":[39],"design":[40],"to":[41,67,105,183,228,239],"reduce":[42],"pedestrian":[43,82],"injury":[44,58],"thus":[47],"role":[49],"in":[54,124,146,177],"causing":[55],"severe":[56,136],"head":[57,88,161,191,217],"should":[59],"be":[60],"reexamined.":[61],"A":[62],"Madymo":[63],"model":[64],"used":[66],"examine":[68],"relative":[70,221],"road":[74],"impacts":[77,109,253],"effect":[80],"motion":[83],"before":[84],"impact.":[85,186],"Results":[86],"show":[87,218],"locations":[90],"on":[91,256],"are":[94,117,199,254,279],"predictable":[95],"but":[96,128,258,286],"their":[97],"varies":[99],"with":[100,233],"pre-impact":[101],"stance":[102],"by":[103],"up":[104],"30%.":[106],"In":[107],"contrast,":[108],"between":[110],"body":[112],"region":[113],"highly":[118],"variable.":[119],"The":[120],"stiff":[121],"results":[123,176],"high":[125,260],"contact":[126],"forces,":[127],"\u0394V":[130],"less":[135],"than":[137,201,281],"impacts,":[140],"showing":[141],"a":[142],"momentum":[144],"change":[145],"latter.":[148],"Evaluation":[149],"HIC36":[152,208],"3":[154,164,192,211,245,272],"millisecond":[155],"(ms)":[156],"acceleration":[157,213],"criteria":[158,214],"ms":[165,193,212,246,273],"pelvis":[167,271],"chest":[169,244],"also":[170],"shows":[171],"far":[178],"more":[179,266],"unpredictable":[180],"compared":[182,227],"However,":[187],"at":[188,259,291],"all":[189],"speeds":[190,261],"scores":[194],"Both":[206],"importance":[222],"reduces":[232],"speed.":[236],"At":[237,268],"low":[238,269],"medium":[240],"speeds,":[241,270],"predicted":[243],"responses":[247],"similar":[255],"average,":[257],"severe.":[267],"accelerations":[274],"impact,":[285],"this":[287],"trend":[288],"reversed":[290],"speeds.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
