{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020429835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191300118","title":"Method for Automated Discontinuity Analysis of Rock Slopes with Three-Dimensional Laser Scanning","display_name":"Method for Automated Discontinuity Analysis of Rock Slopes with Three-Dimensional Laser Scanning","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020429835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191300118","mag":"2020429835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0361198105191300118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191300118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191300118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029141553","display_name":"Siefko Slob","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5511-8693","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5511-8693"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152645","display_name":"International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation","ror":"https://ror.org/038v7xb98","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152645","https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siefko Slob","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Institute for Geo-Information Sciences and Earth Observation (ITC), P.O. Box 6, 7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute for Geo-Information Sciences and Earth Observation (ITC), P.O. Box 6, 7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152645"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028648413","display_name":"Bart van Knapen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bart van Knapen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, Faculty of CiTG, Mijnbouwstraat 12, 2628 EB Delft, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, Faculty of CiTG, Mijnbouwstraat 12, 2628 EB Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020824763","display_name":"H.R.G.K. Hack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1428-8829","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1428-8829"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152645","display_name":"International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation","ror":"https://ror.org/038v7xb98","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152645","https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Hack","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Institute for Geo-Information Sciences and Earth Observation (ITC), P.O. Box 6, 7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute for Geo-Information Sciences and Earth Observation (ITC), P.O. Box 6, 7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152645"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056657698","display_name":"Alan Keith Turner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3680-6343","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3680-6343"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keith Turner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, CO 80401-1887"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, CO 80401-1887","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049777810","display_name":"John M. Kemeny","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Kemeny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mining and Geological Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mining and Geological Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3173,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":195,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85481047,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1913","issue":"1","first_page":"187","last_page":"194"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10161","display_name":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","score":0.9086999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10161","display_name":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","score":0.9086999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.023600000888109207,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11046","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis","score":0.017999999225139618,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rock-slope-stability","display_name":"rock slope stability","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discontinuity-analysis","display_name":"discontinuity analysis","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-laser-scanning","display_name":"3D laser scanning","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-clouds","display_name":"point clouds","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rock-mass-characterization","display_name":"rock mass characterization","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discontinuity-sets","display_name":"discontinuity sets","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-c-means-clustering","display_name":"fuzzy c-means clustering","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facet-joint-orientation","display_name":"facet orientation","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discontinuity-spacing","display_name":"discontinuity spacing","score":0.8059999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.8219093084335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5281658","display_name":"Discontinuity (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7643074989318848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.6591277122497559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41242791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105549","display_name":"Rock mass classification","level":2,"score":0.6379423141479492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.5864941477775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.5228479504585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5214892625808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.45132720470428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.42657607793807983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4265730381011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4074287414550781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.39726483821868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38050737977027893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.33649927377700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2881436347961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27330952882766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.24665367603302002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.17982560396194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.1380508542060852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1159052848815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0361198105191300118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191300118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191300118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.3141/1913-18","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3141/1913-18","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3141/1913-18","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire_cris_publications/a64a7630-62d8-40b4-b239-73444ad8df1e","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/a64a7630-62d8-40b4-b239-73444ad8df1e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Slob, S, Hack, H R G K, van Knapen, B, Turner, K & Kemeny, J 2005, 'Method for Automated Discontinuity Analysis of Rock Slopes with Three-Dimensional Laser Scanning', Transportation research record, vol. 1913, no. 1, pp. 187-194. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191300118","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:ut:oai:ris.utwente.nl:publications/a64a7630-62d8-40b4-b239-73444ad8df1e","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/a64a7630-62d8-40b4-b239-73444ad8df1e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transportation research record, 187 - 194. Sage","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103446997","https://openalex.org/W348887459","https://openalex.org/W599756832","https://openalex.org/W1496377732","https://openalex.org/W1977758817","https://openalex.org/W1993657220","https://openalex.org/W1996747841","https://openalex.org/W2006081711","https://openalex.org/W2013849755","https://openalex.org/W2014540832","https://openalex.org/W2018580805","https://openalex.org/W2031594234","https://openalex.org/W2048842428","https://openalex.org/W2055639186","https://openalex.org/W2094510831","https://openalex.org/W2095800081","https://openalex.org/W2157895715","https://openalex.org/W2207351051","https://openalex.org/W2478000311","https://openalex.org/W2479430791","https://openalex.org/W2515743586","https://openalex.org/W2552331752","https://openalex.org/W2761433916","https://openalex.org/W2797466362","https://openalex.org/W2798110564","https://openalex.org/W2804065051","https://openalex.org/W3013267890","https://openalex.org/W3136739961","https://openalex.org/W4230053259","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2186151269","https://openalex.org/W2144814042","https://openalex.org/W7097948062","https://openalex.org/W2515743586","https://openalex.org/W2357481460","https://openalex.org/W3184463332","https://openalex.org/W3168576274","https://openalex.org/W2363895399","https://openalex.org/W2991158393","https://openalex.org/W4313908439"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Three-dimensional":[0],"(3D)":[1],"laser":[2,22],"scanning":[3,63],"data":[4],"can":[5,100,175,187,197,205],"be":[6,101,176,188,198,206],"used":[7],"to":[8,28,109,157],"characterize":[9],"discontinuous":[10],"rock":[11,30,37,91,121,163],"masses":[12],"in":[13,85,123,150],"an":[14,115],"unbiased,":[15],"rapid,":[16],"and":[17,59,130,144,179],"accurate":[18,116],"manner.":[19],"With":[20,167],"3D":[21,86,128,142],"scanning,":[23],"it":[24,112,154],"is":[25,34,52,64,155],"now":[26],"possible":[27,156],"measure":[29],"faces":[31],"whose":[32],"access":[33],"restricted":[35],"or":[36,41],"slopes":[38],"along":[39],"highways":[40],"railway":[42],"lines":[43],"where":[44],"working":[45],"conditions":[46],"are":[47],"hazardous.":[48],"The":[49],"proposed":[50],"method":[51],"less":[53],"expensive":[54],"than":[55],"traditional":[56],"manual":[57],"survey":[58],"analysis":[60,139],"methods.":[61],"Laser":[62],"a":[65,72,83,127,151,191],"relatively":[66],"new":[67],"surveying":[68],"technique":[69],"that":[70,160],"yields":[71],"so-called":[73],"point":[74,81,84,98],"cloud":[75,99],"set":[76,203],"of":[77,88,96,106,118,126,140,146,183],"data;":[78],"every":[79],"single":[80],"represents":[82],"space":[87],"the":[89,94,97,104,119,124,147,180,194],"scanned":[90],"surface.":[92],"Because":[93],"density":[95],"high":[102],"(on":[103],"order":[105],"5":[107],"mm":[108],"1":[110],"cm),":[111],"allows":[113],"for":[114],"reconstruction":[117],"original":[120],"surface":[122,132],"form":[125],"interpolated":[129],"meshed":[131],"using":[133],"different":[134,162],"interpolation":[135],"techniques.":[136],"Through":[137],"geometric":[138],"this":[141],"mesh":[143],"plotting":[145],"facet":[148,195],"orientations":[149,182],"polar":[152],"plot,":[153],"observe":[158],"clusters":[159],"represent":[161],"mass":[164],"discontinuity":[165,173,202],"sets.":[166],"fuzzy":[168],"k-means":[169],"clustering":[170],"algorithms,":[171],"individual":[172],"sets":[174,186],"outlined":[177],"automatically,":[178],"mean":[181],"these":[184],"identified":[185],"computed.":[189],"Assuming":[190],"Fisher's":[192],"distribution,":[193],"outliers":[196],"removed":[199],"subsequently.":[200],"Finally,":[201],"spacings":[204],"calculated":[207],"as":[208],"well.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}