{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020397296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.423889","title":"The direct estimation of sound speed using pulse\u2013echo ultrasound","display_name":"The direct estimation of sound speed using pulse\u2013echo ultrasound","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020397296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.423889","mag":"2020397296","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9821351"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1121/1.423889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.423889","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.423889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11296630","display_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","issn_l":"0001-4966","issn":["0001-4966","1520-8524","1520-9024"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320226","host_organization_name":"Acoustical Society of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320226"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Acoustical Society of America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021013591","display_name":"Martin E. Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0958-9942","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0958-9942"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin E. Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina\u200927708"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina\u200927708","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073680468","display_name":"Gregg E. Trahey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3845-7957","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3845-7957"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregg E. Trahey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina\u200927708"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina\u200927708","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3978,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":133,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77989623,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"104","issue":"5","first_page":"3099","last_page":"3106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.5112000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.5112000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.4546000063419342,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.008200000040233135,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound-speed-estimation","display_name":"sound speed estimation","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-echo-ultrasound","display_name":"pulse-echo ultrasound","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-aberration-correction","display_name":"phase aberration correction","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-characterization","display_name":"tissue characterization","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonography","display_name":"ultrasonography","score":0.6420000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200351514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124003","display_name":"Speed of sound","level":2,"score":0.7349342107772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.7059016227722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.6706247329711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.6496105194091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.5198748111724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.46186643838882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44424453377723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67514181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1588477","display_name":"Sound power","level":3,"score":0.4266297519207001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779426996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18389128","display_name":"Echo (communications protocol)","level":2,"score":0.41534388065338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56318395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215928","display_name":"Transducer","level":2,"score":0.41349706053733826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102290492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle pattern","level":2,"score":0.4110524654388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4031684398651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3518865704536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.34280291199684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2966874837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.19333875179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.16850215196609497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08861565589904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013016","descriptor_name":"Sound","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014465","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1121/1.423889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.423889","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.423889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11296630","display_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","issn_l":"0001-4966","issn":["0001-4966","1520-8524","1520-9024"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320226","host_organization_name":"Acoustical Society of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320226"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Acoustical Society of America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9821351","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9821351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1517795099","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01-CA43334","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G268534705","display_name":"ADAPTIVE ULTRASONIC BREAST IMAGING","funder_award_id":"2r01ca043334-14","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4398404760","display_name":"BREAST MICROCALCIFICATION VISUALIZATION WITH ULTRASOUND","funder_award_id":"1r01ca076059-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G670164813","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01-CA76059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967859412","https://openalex.org/W1969813810","https://openalex.org/W1969893146","https://openalex.org/W1994543544","https://openalex.org/W2001381057","https://openalex.org/W2004488783","https://openalex.org/W2013858513","https://openalex.org/W2014670160","https://openalex.org/W2015330603","https://openalex.org/W2030274906","https://openalex.org/W2031417262","https://openalex.org/W2038689352","https://openalex.org/W2039367903","https://openalex.org/W2039532030","https://openalex.org/W2057282782","https://openalex.org/W2067532649","https://openalex.org/W2067797247","https://openalex.org/W2069168732","https://openalex.org/W2074730983","https://openalex.org/W2077224883","https://openalex.org/W2086872966","https://openalex.org/W2091586382","https://openalex.org/W2091900714","https://openalex.org/W2092921497","https://openalex.org/W2102248332","https://openalex.org/W2109466503","https://openalex.org/W2112286731","https://openalex.org/W2117242560","https://openalex.org/W2127165009","https://openalex.org/W2140092250","https://openalex.org/W2145909099","https://openalex.org/W2146550522","https://openalex.org/W2157976233","https://openalex.org/W2162576368","https://openalex.org/W2166343165","https://openalex.org/W2171226785","https://openalex.org/W2315605654","https://openalex.org/W2727255814","https://openalex.org/W4241673725","https://openalex.org/W4242374644"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2171417020","https://openalex.org/W4310584991","https://openalex.org/W2045520322","https://openalex.org/W2142715163","https://openalex.org/W2149413368","https://openalex.org/W2061142972","https://openalex.org/W2037201558","https://openalex.org/W1490274459","https://openalex.org/W1978351146","https://openalex.org/W2883033975"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,48],"method":[1],"for":[2,191],"the":[3,7,20,55,69,134,160,167,186],"direct":[4],"estimation":[5],"of":[6,10,22,26,51,58,79,124,146,152,162,170,173,180,188],"longitudinal":[8],"speed":[9,21],"sound":[11,23],"in":[12,45,61,88,97,110],"a":[13,31,36,92,156],"medium":[14],"is":[15,40,54,82],"presented.":[16,177],"This":[17],"estimator":[18,53,81,190],"derives":[19],"through":[24],"analysis":[25],"pulse-echo":[27],"data":[28],"received":[29],"across":[30],"single":[32,37],"transducer":[33],"array":[34],"following":[35],"transmission,":[38],"and":[39,71,84,101,132,185,195],"analogous":[41],"to":[42,105,117],"methods":[43],"used":[44],"exploration":[46],"seismology.":[47],"potential":[49,171,187],"application":[50],"this":[52,80,189],"dynamic":[56],"correction":[57,194],"beamforming":[59],"errors":[60,123,145,182],"medical":[62],"imaging":[63,184],"that":[64],"result":[65],"from":[66],"discrepancy":[67],"between":[68],"assumed":[70],"actual":[72],"biological":[73],"tissue":[74,196],"velocities.":[75],"The":[76,120,143,178],"theoretical":[77],"basis":[78],"described":[83],"its":[85],"function":[86],"demonstrated":[87],"phantom":[89],"experiments.":[90],"Using":[91],"wire":[93],"target,":[94],"sound-speed":[95,181],"estimates":[96,109,126,147],"water,":[98],"methanol,":[99],"ethanol,":[100],"n-butanol":[102],"are":[103,114,127,139,176,198],"compared":[104,116],"published":[106],"values.":[107,119],"Sound-speed":[108],"two":[111],"speckle-generating":[112,153],"phantoms":[113,154],"also":[115,199],"expected":[118],"mean":[121],"relative":[122,144,168],"these":[125],"all":[128],"less":[129,140],"than":[130,141],"0.4%,":[131],"under":[133],"most":[135],"ideal":[136],"experimental":[137],"conditions":[138],"0.1%.":[142],"based":[148],"on":[149,159,183],"independent":[150],"regions":[151],"have":[155],"standard":[157],"deviation":[158],"order":[161],"0.5%.":[163],"Simulation":[164],"results":[165],"showing":[166],"significance":[169],"sources":[172],"estimate":[174],"error":[175],"impact":[179],"phase":[192],"aberration":[193],"characterization":[197],"discussed.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}