{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020308512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164404273947","title":"Averaging Internal Consistency Reliability Coefficients","display_name":"Averaging Internal Consistency Reliability Coefficients","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020308512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164404273947","mag":"2020308512"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0013164404273947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164404273947","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164404273947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176831015","display_name":"Educational and Psychological Measurement","issn_l":"0013-1644","issn":["0013-1644","1552-3888"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational and Psychological Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035614364","display_name":"Leonard S. Feldt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonard S. Feldt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Iowa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Iowa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088564096","display_name":"Richard A. Charter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154430","display_name":"VA Long Beach Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/058p1kn93","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210138663","https://openalex.org/I4210154430"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard A. Charter","raw_affiliation_strings":["VA Long Beach Healthcare Systems"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VA Long Beach Healthcare Systems","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154430"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8201,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.941283,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"2","first_page":"215","last_page":"227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12884","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-consistency","display_name":"internal consistency","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-coefficients","display_name":"reliability coefficients","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-generalization","display_name":"reliability generalization","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-reliability","display_name":"measurement reliability","score":0.4560000002384186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.7119369506835938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018868096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2693233","display_name":"Internal consistency","level":3,"score":0.6485126614570618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6371057629585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6204497814178467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.5835245847702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.539618968963623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.532326340675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3599661588668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.34174448251724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3263632655143738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.18313875794410706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.07046040892601013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0704582929611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.056413888931274414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0013164404273947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164404273947","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164404273947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176831015","display_name":"Educational and Psychological Measurement","issn_l":"0013-1644","issn":["0013-1644","1552-3888"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational and Psychological Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511920456","https://openalex.org/W1533820491","https://openalex.org/W1562488816","https://openalex.org/W1888734401","https://openalex.org/W1966398866","https://openalex.org/W1978177900","https://openalex.org/W1980054394","https://openalex.org/W1981674758","https://openalex.org/W1985936397","https://openalex.org/W1991110341","https://openalex.org/W2006924846","https://openalex.org/W2008373856","https://openalex.org/W2022716679","https://openalex.org/W2025832846","https://openalex.org/W2030402717","https://openalex.org/W2030649971","https://openalex.org/W2033010045","https://openalex.org/W2049018825","https://openalex.org/W2052774469","https://openalex.org/W2053079812","https://openalex.org/W2066285011","https://openalex.org/W2085925791","https://openalex.org/W2130432109","https://openalex.org/W2159306398","https://openalex.org/W2314494438","https://openalex.org/W2886772148","https://openalex.org/W4213276201","https://openalex.org/W4229570919","https://openalex.org/W4229954146","https://openalex.org/W4245380243"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557970661","https://openalex.org/W2951885038","https://openalex.org/W2085925791","https://openalex.org/W1883573204","https://openalex.org/W3203857057","https://openalex.org/W2071651194","https://openalex.org/W2092915500","https://openalex.org/W1982028977","https://openalex.org/W2045888500","https://openalex.org/W1985193141"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Seven":[0],"approaches":[1,32,49,74],"to":[2,35,44],"averaging":[3],"reliability":[4,80],"coefficients":[5],"are":[6,33],"presented.":[7],"Each":[8],"approach":[9,22,41],"starts":[10],"with":[11],"a":[12,54],"unique":[13],"definition":[14],"of":[15,18,30],"the":[16,27,31,48,62,67],"concept":[17],"\u201caverage,\u201d":[19],"and":[20],"no":[21],"is":[23,42],"more":[24],"correct":[25],"than":[26],"others.":[28],"Six":[29],"applicable":[34],"internal":[36],"consistency":[37],"coefficients.":[38,46],"The":[39,71],"seventh":[40],"specific":[43],"alternate-forms":[45],"Although":[47],"generally":[50],"produce":[51],"unequal":[52],"averages,":[53],"Monte":[55],"Carlo":[56],"study":[57],"found":[58],"little":[59],"difference":[60],"among":[61],"average":[63],"reliabilities":[64],"calculated":[65],"by":[66],"first":[68,72],"six":[69],"approaches.":[70],"three":[73],"may":[75],"be":[76],"especially":[77],"useful":[78],"for":[79],"generalization":[81],"studies.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
