{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020280102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.2006.12.1393","title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells Maintain TGF- \u03b2 -Mediated Chondrogenic Phenotype in Alginate Bead Culture","display_name":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells Maintain TGF- \u03b2 -Mediated Chondrogenic Phenotype in Alginate Bead Culture","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020280102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.2006.12.1393","mag":"2020280102","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16846338"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1089/ten.2006.12.1393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.2006.12.1393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.2006.12.1393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164177214","display_name":"Tissue Engineering","issn_l":"1076-3279","issn":["1076-3279","1557-8690"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tissue Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082678816","display_name":"Alexander Thomas Mehlhorn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7837-7981","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7837-7981"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.T. Mehlhorn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036526404","display_name":"Hagen Schmal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-2385","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-2385"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Schmal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111965849","display_name":"S. Kaiser","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Kaiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Haematology and Oncology, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Haematology and Oncology, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036221394","display_name":"Guilherme Alves Lepski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9030-4192","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9030-4192"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Lepski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083444419","display_name":"G\u00fcnter Finkenzeller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8788-087X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8788-087X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Finkenzeller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110297834","display_name":"G. Bj\u00f6rn Stark","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G.B. Stark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081236962","display_name":"Norbert Paul S\u00fcdkamp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5913-624X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5913-624X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N.P. S\u00fcdkamp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7046,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":129,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97393327,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"1393","last_page":"1403"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10105","display_name":"Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms","score":0.5038999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10105","display_name":"Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms","score":0.5038999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10176","display_name":"Mesenchymal stem cell research","score":0.4878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11570","display_name":"Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesenchymal-stem-cells","display_name":"mesenchymal stem cells","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transforming-growth-factor-beta","display_name":"TGF-beta","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chondrogenic-differentiation","display_name":"chondrogenic differentiation","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartilage-grafts","display_name":"cartilage grafts","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteochondral-transplantation","display_name":"osteochondral transplantation","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transdifferentiation","display_name":"transdifferentiation","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteogenic-differentiation","display_name":"osteogenic differentiation","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkaline-phosphatase","display_name":"alkaline phosphatase","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggrecan","display_name":"aggrecan","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartilage-gene-expression","display_name":"cartilage gene expression","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-marrow-derived-stem-cells","display_name":"bone marrow-derived stem cells","score":0.6740000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35496256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5104524","display_name":"Chondrogenesis","level":3,"score":0.9040234088897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198826908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1922379","display_name":"Mesenchymal stem cell","level":2,"score":0.8360282182693481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.6518203616142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60870556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300675","display_name":"Transdifferentiation","level":3,"score":0.5449116230010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778229498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24785672","display_name":"Transforming growth factor beta","level":3,"score":0.5376886129379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197534660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21121862","display_name":"Aggrecan","level":5,"score":0.5271536707878113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5166573524475098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780550940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502730","display_name":"Cartilage","level":2,"score":0.4620382785797119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911091166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106419912","display_name":"Transplantation","level":2,"score":0.45280081033706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118131993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423671","display_name":"Transforming growth factor","level":2,"score":0.3828255236148834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3652532696723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28328180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48196","display_name":"Stem cell","level":2,"score":0.3512180745601654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.32740408182144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.17016389966011047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.14776870608329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.1376895010471344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11344167590141296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776164576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62736","display_name":"Osteoarthritis","level":3,"score":0.0727018415927887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020332539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2014564","display_name":"Articular cartilage","level":4,"score":0.06670618057250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000464","descriptor_name":"Alginates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006603","descriptor_name":"Hexuronic Acids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008863","descriptor_name":"Microspheres","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016212","descriptor_name":"Transforming Growth Factor beta","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018929","descriptor_name":"Cell Culture Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020219","descriptor_name":"Chondrogenesis","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020723","descriptor_name":"Glucuronic Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059630","descriptor_name":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059630","descriptor_name":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1089/ten.2006.12.1393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.2006.12.1393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.2006.12.1393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164177214","display_name":"Tissue Engineering","issn_l":"1076-3279","issn":["1076-3279","1557-8690"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tissue Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16846338","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16846338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tissue engineering","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338075","display_name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1530145152","https://openalex.org/W1544751778","https://openalex.org/W1813675566","https://openalex.org/W1935346479","https://openalex.org/W1968746947","https://openalex.org/W1972698098","https://openalex.org/W1974831021","https://openalex.org/W1982534962","https://openalex.org/W1989761101","https://openalex.org/W2019983212","https://openalex.org/W2027358169","https://openalex.org/W2027736364","https://openalex.org/W2038611660","https://openalex.org/W2042668077","https://openalex.org/W2046243793","https://openalex.org/W2048579089","https://openalex.org/W2053675422","https://openalex.org/W2060778212","https://openalex.org/W2065610488","https://openalex.org/W2074895129","https://openalex.org/W2082091542","https://openalex.org/W2085855597","https://openalex.org/W2088952337","https://openalex.org/W2125661032","https://openalex.org/W2155704507","https://openalex.org/W2159999899","https://openalex.org/W2163243408","https://openalex.org/W2885460237","https://openalex.org/W3036889793"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2382370101","https://openalex.org/W2046243793","https://openalex.org/W2084822592","https://openalex.org/W2058704893","https://openalex.org/W2087037406","https://openalex.org/W2527732596","https://openalex.org/W7171801542","https://openalex.org/W2077907287","https://openalex.org/W2100174900","https://openalex.org/W2071811474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,9,35,44,76,79,127,133,152,163,190],"stability":[4],"of":[5,12,22,37,46,73,78,95,129,135,145,156,165,189,192,199],"chondrogenic":[6,39,116,167],"phenotype":[7],"and":[8,68,102,121,132,171],"transdifferentiation":[10],"potential":[11],"bone":[13],"marrow-derived":[14],"mesenchymal":[15],"stem":[16],"cells":[17,84],"(MSCs)":[18],"at":[19],"distinct":[20],"stages":[21],"differentiation.":[23],"Differentiated":[24],"MSCs":[25,49,113,173],"were":[26,54,85],"expected":[27],"to":[28,159,177,185],"maintain":[29],"cartilage-like":[30],"gene":[31,119],"expression":[32,94,120,144,164],"pattern":[33],"in":[34,43,51,71,87,203],"absence":[36,72],"any":[38],"growth":[40,58],"factor":[41,59],"or":[42,65],"presence":[45],"osteogenic":[47,88],"signals.":[48],"encapsulated":[50,146,172],"alginate":[52],"beads":[53],"treated":[55],"with":[56,111,126,138],"transforming":[57],"(TGF)-beta":[60],"3":[61,154],"for":[62,75,162],"3,":[63],"6,":[64],"14":[66],"days":[67,155],"then":[69],"cultured":[70,86],"TGF-beta":[74,139],"remainder":[77],"2-week":[80],"culture":[81,157],"period.":[82],"Additionally,":[83],"medium":[89],"after":[90],"TGF-beta-mediated":[91],"chondroinduction.":[92],"Gene":[93],"col2a1,":[96],"aggrecan,":[97],"COMP,":[98],"alkaline":[99],"phosphatase":[100],"(AP),":[101],"correlating":[103],"protein":[104,122],"synthesis":[105,123],"was":[106],"analyzed.":[107],"After":[108],"short-term":[109],"stimulation":[110,130,150],"TGF-beta,":[112],"maintained":[114],"a":[115,166,186],"phenotype.":[117,168],"Chondrogenic":[118],"directly":[124],"correlated":[125],"extent":[128],"time":[131],"concentration":[134],"TGF-beta.":[136],"Pretreatment":[137],"could":[140],"prevent":[141],"AP":[142],"mRNA":[143],"MSCs.":[147],"TGF-":[148],"beta":[149],"within":[151],"first":[153],"seems":[158],"be":[160],"crucial":[161],"Fully":[169],"differentiated":[170],"are":[174],"not":[175],"able":[176],"transdifferentiate":[178],"into":[179],"osteoblasts.":[180],"These":[181],"findings":[182],"give":[183],"rise":[184],"better":[187],"understanding":[188],"behavior":[191],"cartilage":[193],"grafts":[194],"affected":[195],"by":[196],"local":[197],"factors":[198],"osteochondral":[200],"transplantation":[201],"sites":[202],"vivo.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
